Deteronòm 19
Bib La · Kreyòl Ayisyen
1 Moyiz di yo ankò: -Lè Seyè a, Bondye nou an, va fin detwi nasyon sa yo pou l' ban nou peyi ki te pou yo a, lè n'a fin pran tout peyi a nan men yo pou nou rete nan lavil yo ak nan lakay yo, 2 n'a chwazi twa lavil nan peyi Seyè a, Bondye nou an, te ban nou pou nou rete a, n'a mete yo apa. 3 N'a kenbe wout ki mennen nan lavil sa yo an bon eta. N'a divize teritwa Seyè a, Bondye nou an, te ban nou pou nou rete a an twa zòn ak yon lavil nan chak zòn. Konsa, nenpòt moun ki ta rive touye yon lòt ka kouri al kache nan yonn nan lavil sa yo pou sove lavi l'. 4 Men nan ki sikonstans yon moun ka kouri al kache nan yonn nan lavil sa yo pou sove lavi l': Se lè yon moun touye yon frè parèy li san li pa fè espre, san li pa janm gen anyen avè l'. 5 Konsa, si de moun al nan bwa ansanm pou koupe bwa epi yonn ladan yo fè sa li leve rach li pou l' koupe yon bwa epi rach la chape soti nan manch lan, l' al frape zanmi l' lan, li touye l' frèt, yon nonm konsa gen dwa kouri al kache nan yonn nan lavil sa yo pou l' ka sove lavi l'. 6 Si te gen yon sèl lavil konsa, distans la ta ka twò long. Lè sa a, moun ki reskonsab pou tire revanj moun yo touye a, si l'ap kouri dèyè moun ki te fè krim lan, li ta ka rapouswiv li. Nan kè cho li, li ta ka ba l' yon kou, li touye l'. Lè sa a, li ta touye yon inonsan, paske nonm lan pa t' fè espre, li pa t' janm gen anyen nan kè l' kont moun li touye a. 7 Se poutèt sa mwen mande nou pou nou mete twa lavil konsa apa espre pou sa. 8 Konsa tou, lè Seyè a, Bondye nou an, va fè peyi nou an vin pi gran jan li te pwomèt zansèt nou yo, lè l'a ban nou tout peyi li te pwomèt l'ap bay zansèt nou yo, 9 n'a chwazi twa lòt lavil, n'a mete sou sa nou genyen deja yo. Men, pa bliye, l'ap ban nou peyi a, se pou nou toujou swiv tout lòd m'ap ban nou jòdi a, se pou nou toujou renmen Seyè a Bondye nou an, pou nou swiv chemen li mete devan nou an. 10 Se konsa, nou p'ap kite yo touye moun ki inonsan nan peyi Seyè a, Bondye nou an, te ban nou pou rele nou pa nou. Si nou kite sa rive, n'a peye pou sa nou fè a. 11 Men, si yon moun rayi yon lòt, epi li pran veye l' jouk li tonbe sou li, li ba l' kou jouk li touye l', epi apre sa, li kouri al kache nan yonn nan lavil sa yo, 12 lè sa a, chèf fanmi ki reskonsab lavil kote li rete a va voye chache l' epi y'a lage l' nan men fanmi pre moun ki mouri a pou yo touye l'. 13 N'a san pitye pou li, n'a wete moun k'ap mache touye inonsan nan peyi Izrayèl la. Se konsa tout bagay va mache byen pou nou. 14 Nan peyi Seyè a, Bondye nou an, pral ban nou pou nou rete a, pa janm deplase bòn tè moun pèp Izrayèl parèy nou. Kite yo kote zansèt nou yo te plante yo a. 15 Depozisyon yon sèl temwen pa kont pou moutre si yon moun fè yon krim, osinon yon bagay mal tout bon nan nenpòt akizasyon yo ta ka fè sou do li. Fòk gen de osinon twa temwen ki pou fè depozisyon kont li pou akizasyon an ka kenbe. 16 Lè yon fo temwen kanpe pou l' akize yon moun pou yon krim li pa fè, 17 de moun ki nan pwose yo va prezante ansanm devan lòtèl Seyè a, devan prèt yo ak jij yo ki desèvis lè sa a. 18 Jij yo va egzaminen ka a. Y'a mennen yon bon ankèt jan yo dwe fè l' la. Si yo jwenn se manti temwen an ap bay, se akize l'ap akize yon moun pèp Izrayèl parèy li pou yon bagay li pa janm fè, 19 n'a fè l' sibi chatiman li te vle pou moun li akize a. Se konsa n'a wete mechanste sa a ki te nan mitan nou. 20 Lè lòt moun yo va konn sa, y'a pè, yo p'ap rekonmanse fè move bagay konsa ankò nan mitan nou. 21 Se pou nou san pitye pou moun konsa. Se pou nou fè yo peye lavi pou lavi, yon je pou yon je, yon dan pou yon dan, yon men pou yon men, yon pye pou yon pye.
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Deteronòm 19:2
De 19:1-13. Of the Cities of Refuge.
2. Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land--Goelism, or the duty of the nearest kinsmen to avenge the death of a slaughtered relative, being the customary law of that age (as it still is among the Arabs and other people of the East), Moses incorporated it in an improved form with his legislative code. For the protection of the unintentional homicide, he provided certain cities of refuge--three had been destined for this purpose on the east of Jordan (De 4:41; Nu 35:11); three were to be invested with the same privilege on the west of that river when Canaan should be conquered.
in the midst of thy land--in such a position that they would be conspicuous and accessible, and equidistant from the extremities of the land and from each other.
Deteronòm 19:3
3. Thou shalt prepare thee a way--The roads leading to them were to be kept in good condition and the brooks or rivers to be spanned by good bridges; the width of the roads was to be thirty-two cubits; and at all the crossroads signposts were to be erected with the words, Mekeleth, Mekeleth, "refuge, refuge," painted on them.
divide the coasts of thy land ... into three parts--the whole extent of the country from the south to the north. The three cities on each side of Jordan were opposite to each other, "as two rows of vines in a vineyard" (see on Jos 20:7).
Deteronòm 19:6-7
6-7. Lest the avenger of the blood pursue the slayer, while his heart is hot--This verse is a continuation of De 19:3 (for De 19:4, 5, which are explanatory, are in a parenthetical form), and the meaning is that if the kinsman of a person inadvertently killed should, under the impulse of sudden excitement and without inquiring into the circumstances, inflict summary vengeance on the homicide, however guiltless, the law tolerated such an act; it was to pass with impunity. But to prevent such precipitate measures, the cities of refuge were established for the reception of the homicide, that "innocent blood might not be shed in thy land" (De 19:10). In the case of premeditated murder (De 19:11, 12), they afforded no immunity; but, if it were only manslaughter, the moment the fugitive was within the gates, he found himself in a safe asylum (Nu 35:26-28; Jos 20:6).
Deteronòm 19:8-9
8-9. And if the Lord thy God enlarge thy coast--Three additional sanctuaries were to be established in the event of their territory extending over the country from Hermon and Gilead to the Euphrates (see Ge 15:18; Ex 23:31). But it was obscurely hinted that this last provision would never be carried into effect, as the Israelites would not fulfil the conditions, namely, "that of keeping the commandments, to love the Lord, and walk ever in his ways." In point of fact, although that region was brought into subjection by David and Solomon, we do not find that cities of refuge were established; because those sovereigns only made the ancient inhabitants tributary, instead of sending a colony of Israelites to possess it. The privilege of sanctuary cities, however, was given only for Israelites; and besides, that conquered territory did not remain long under the power of the Hebrew kings.
Deteronòm 19:14
De 19:14. The Landmark Is Not to Be Removed.
14. Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour's landmark, which they of old have set in thine inheritance--The state of Palestine in regard to enclosures is very much the same now as it has always been. Though gardens and vineyards are surrounded by dry-stone walls or hedges of prickly pear, the boundaries of arable fields are marked by nothing but by a little trench, a small cairn, or a single erect stone, placed at certain intervals. It is manifest that a dishonest person could easily fill the gutter with earth, or remove these stones a few feet without much risk of detection and so enlarge his own field by a stealthy encroachment on his neighbor's. This law, then, was made to prevent such trespasses.
Deteronòm 19:15
De 19:15. Two Witnesses Required.
15. One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity--The following rules to regulate the admission of testimony in public courts are founded on the principles of natural justice. A single witness shall not be admitted to the condemnation of an accused person.
Deteronòm 19:16-21
De 19:16-21. Punishment of a False Witness.
16-21. But if convicted of perjury, it will be sufficient for his own condemnation, and his punishment shall be exactly the same as would have overtaken the object of his malignant prosecution. (See on Ex 21:23; see also Le 24:20).
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