Jeremías 50

Reina Valera 1909 (RV1909) · Español

1 PALABRA que habló Jehová contra Babilonia, contra la tierra de los Caldeos, por mano de Jeremías profeta. 2 Denunciad en las gentes, y haced saber; levantad también bandera: publicad, y no encubráis: decid: Tomada es Babilonia, Bel es confundido, deshecho es Merodach; confundidas son sus esculturas, quebrados son sus ídolos. 3 Porque subió contra ella gente del aquilón, la cual pondrá su tierra en asolamiento, y no habrá ni hombre ni animal que en ella more: moviéronse, se fueron. 4 En aquellos días y en aquel tiempo, dice Jehová, vendrán los hijos de Israel, ellos y los hijos de Judá juntamente; é irán andando y llorando, y buscarán á Jehová su Dios. 5 Preguntarán por el camino de Sión, hacia donde volverán sus rostros, diciendo: Venid, y juntaos á Jehová con pacto eterno, que jamás se ponga en olvido. 6 Ovejas perdidas fueron mi pueblo: sus pastores las hicieron errar, por los montes las descarriaron: anduvieron de monte en collado, olvidáronse de sus majadas. 7 Todos los que los hallaban, los comían; y decían sus enemigos: No pecaremos, porque ellos pecaron á Jehová morada de justicia, á Jehová, esperanza de sus padres. 8 Huid de en medio de Babilonia, y salid de la tierra de los Caldeos, y sed como los mansos delante del ganado. 9 Porque he aquí que yo suscito y hago subir contra Babilonia reunión de grandes pueblos de la tierra del aquilón; y desde allí se aparejarán contra ella, y será tomada: sus flechas como de valiente diestro, que no se tornará en vano. 10 Y la Caldea será para presa: todos los que la saquearen, saldrán hartos, dice Jehová. 11 Porque os alegrasteis, porque os gozasteis destruyendo mi heredad, porque os henchisteis como becerra de renuevos, y relinchasteis como caballos; 12 Vuestra madre se avergonzó mucho, afrentóse la que os engendró: he aquí será la postrera de las gentes: desierto, sequedad, y páramo. 13 Por la ira de Jehová no será habitada, sino que asolada será toda ella; todo hombre que pasare por Babilonia se asombrará, y silbará sobre todas sus plagas. 14 Apercibíos contra Babilonia alrededor, todos los que entesáis arco; tirad contra ella, no escatiméis las saetas: porque pecó contra Jehová. 15 Gritad contra ella en derredor; dió su mano; caído han sus fundamentos, derribados son sus muros; porque venganza es de Jehová. Tomad venganza de ella; haced con ella como ella hizo. 16 Talad de Babilonia sembrador, y el que tiene hoz en tiempo de la siega: delante de la espada opresora cada uno volverá el rostro hacia su pueblo, cada uno huirá hacia su tierra. 17 Ganado descarriado es Israel; leones lo amontonaron: el rey de Asiria lo devoró el primero; este Nabucodonosor rey de Babilonia lo deshuesó el postrero. 18 Por tanto, así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos, Dios de Israel: He aquí que yo visito al rey de Babilonia y á su tierra, como visité al rey de Asiria. 19 Y volveré á traer á Israel á su morada, y pacerá en el Carmelo y en Basán; y en el monte de Ephraim y de Galaad se hartará su alma. 20 En aquellos días y en aquel tiempo, dice Jehová, la maldad de Israel será buscada, y no parecerá; y los pecados de Judá, y no se hallarán: porque perdonaré á los que yo hubiere dejado. 21 Sube contra la tierra de Merathaim, contra ella, y contra los moradores de Pekod: destruye y mata en pos de ellos, dice Jehová, y haz conforme á todo lo que yo te he mandado. 22 Estruendo de guerra en la tierra, y quebrantamiento grande. 23 ¡Cómo fué cortado y quebrado el martillo de toda la tierra! ¡cómo se tornó Babilonia en desierto entre las gentes! 24 Púsete lazos, y aun fuiste tomada, oh Babilonia, y tú no lo supiste: fuiste hallada, y aun presa, porque provocaste á Jehová. 25 Abrió Jehová tu tesoro, y sacó los vasos de su furor: porque esta es obra de Jehová, Dios de los ejércitos, en la tierra de los Caldeos. 26 Venid contra ella desde el cabo de la tierra: abrid sus almacenes: hacedla montones, y destruidla: no le queden reliquias. 27 Matad todos sus novillos; vayan al matadero: ¡ay de ellos! que venido es su día, el tiempo de su visitación. 28 Voz de los que huyen y escapan de la tierra de Babilonia, para dar las nuevas en Sión de la venganza de Jehová nuestro Dios, de la venganza de su templo. 29 Haced juntar sobre Babilonia flecheros, á todos los que entesan arco; asentad campo sobre ella alrededor; no escape de ella ninguno: pagadle según su obra; conforme á todo lo que ella hizo, haced con ella: porque contra Jehová se ensoberbeció, contra el Santo de Israel. 30 Por tanto sus mancebos caerán en sus plazas, y todos su hombres de guerra serán talados en aquel día, dice Jehová. 31 He aquí yo contra ti, oh soberbio, dice el Señor Jehová de los ejércitos: porque tu día es venido, el tiempo en que te visitaré. 32 Y el soberbio tropezará y caerá, y no tendrá quien lo levante: y encenderé fuego en sus ciudades, y quemaré todos sus alrededores. 33 Así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos: Oprimidos fueron los hijos de Israel y los hijos de Judá juntamente: y todos los que los tomaron cautivos, se los retuvieron; no los quisieron soltar. 34 El redentor de ellos es el Fuerte; Jehová de los ejércitos es su nombre: de cierto abogará la causa de ellos, para hacer quietar la tierra, y turbar los moradores de Babilonia. 35 Cuchillo sobre los Caldeos, dice Jehová, y sobre los moradores de Babilonia, y sobre sus príncipes, y sobre sus sabios. 36 Cuchillo sobre los adivinos, y se atontarán; cuchillo sobre sus valientes, y serán quebrantados. 37 Cuchillo sobre sus caballos, y sobre sus carros, y sobre todo el vulgo que está en medio de ella, y serán como mujeres: cuchillo sobre sus tesoros, y serán saqueados. 38 Sequedad sobre sus aguas, y secaránse: porque tierra es de esculturas, y en ídolos enloquecen. 39 Por tanto, allí morarán bestias monteses con lobos, morarán también en ella pollos de avestruz: y no más será poblada para siempre, ni se habitará de generación en generación. 40 Como en el trastornamiento de Dios á Sodoma y á Gomorra y á sus ciudades vecinas, dice Jehová, no morará allí hombre, ni hijo de hombre la habitará. 41 He aquí viene un pueblo del aquilón; y una nación grande, y muchos reyes se levantarán de los lados de la tierra. 42 Arco y lanza manejarán; serán crueles, y no tendrán compasión; su voz sonará como la mar, y montarán sobre caballos: apercibirse han como hombre á la pelea, contra ti, oh hija de Babilonia. 43 Oyó su fama el rey de Babilonia, y sus manos se descoyuntaron: angustia le tomó, dolor como de mujer de parto. 44 He aquí que como león subirá de la hinchazón del Jordán á la morada fuerte: porque muy pronto le haré correr de sobre ella, y al que fuere escogido la encargaré: porque ¿quién es semejante á mí? ¿y quién me emplazará? ¿ó quién será aquel pastor que me podrá resistir? 45 Por tanto, oid el consejo de Jehová, que ha acordado sobre Babilonia, y sus pensamientos que ha formado sobre la tierra de los Caldeos: Ciertamente los más pequeños del hato los arrastrarán, y destruirán sus moradas con ellos. 46 Del grito de la toma de Babilonia la tierra tembló, y el clamor se oyó entre las gentes.

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Jeremías 50:1

Jr 50:1-46. Babylon's Coming Downfall; Israel's Redemption.

After the predictions of judgment to be inflicted on other nations by Babylon, follows this one against Babylon itself, the longest prophecy, consisting of one hundred verses. The date of utterance was the fourth year of Zedekiah, when Seraiah, to whom it was committed, was sent to Babylon (Jr 51:59, 60). The repetitions in it make it likely that it consists of prophecies uttered at different times, now collected by Jeremiah to console the Jews in exile and to vindicate God's ways by exhibiting the final doom of Babylon, the enemy of the people of God, after her long prosperity. The style, imagery, and dialogues prove its genuineness in opposition to those who deny this. It shows his faithfulness; though under obligation to the king of Babylon, he owed a higher one to God, who directed him to prophesy against Babylon.

1. Compare Is 45:1-47:15. But as the time of fulfilment drew nearer, the prophecies are now proportionally more distinct than then.

Jeremías 50:2

2. Declare ... among ... nations--who would rejoice at the fall of Babylon their oppressor.

standard--to indicate the place of meeting to the nations where they were to hear the good news of Babylon's fall [Rosenmuller]; or, the signal to summon the nations together against Babylon (Jr 51:12, 27), [Maurer].

Bel--the tutelary god of Babylon; the same idol as the Phoenician Baal, that is, lord, the sun (Is 46:1).

confounded--because unable to defend the city under their protection.

Merodach--another Babylonian idol; meaning in Syria "little lord"; from which Merodach-baladan took his name.

Jeremías 50:3

3. a nation--the Medes, north of Babylon (Jr 51:48). The devastation of Babylon here foretold includes not only that by Cyrus, but also that more utter one by Darius, who took Babylon by artifice when it had revolted from Persia, and mercilessly slaughtered the inhabitants, hanging four thousand of the nobles; also the final desertion of Babylon, owing to Seleucia having been built close by under Seleucus Nicanor.

Jeremías 50:4

4. Fulfilled only in part when some few of the ten tribes of "Israel" joined Judah in a "covenant" with God, at the restoration of Judah to its land (Ne 9:38; 10:29). The full event is yet to come (Jr 31:9; Ho 1:11; Zec 12:10).

weeping--with joy at their restoration beyond all hope; and with sorrow at the remembrance of their sins and sufferings (Ezr 3:12, 13; Psa 126:5, 6).

seek ... Lord--(Ho 3:5).

Jeremías 50:5

5. thitherward--rather, "hitherward," Jeremiah's prophetical standpoint being at Zion. "Faces hitherward" implies their steadfastness of purpose not to be turned aside by any difficulties on the way.

perpetual covenant--in contrast to the old covenant "which they brake" (Jr 31:31, &c.; Jr 32:40). They shall return to their God first, then to their own land.

Jeremías 50:6

6. (Is 53:6).

on the mountains--whereon they sacrificed to idols (Jr 2:20; 3:6, 23).

resting-place--for the "sheep," continuing the image; Jehovah is the resting-place of His sheep (Mt 11:28). They rest in His "bosom" (Is 40:11). Also His temple at Zion, their "rest," because it is His (Psa 132:8, 14).

Jeremías 50:7

7. devoured--(Psa 79:7). "Found them" implies that they were exposed to the attacks of those whoever happened to meet them.

adversaries said--for instance, Nebuzara-dan (Jr 40:2, 3; compare Zec 11:5). The Gentiles acknowledged some supreme divinity. The Jews' guilt was so palpable that they were condemned even in the judgment of heathens. Some knowledge of God's peculiar relation to Judea reached its heathen invaders from the prophets (Jr 2:3; Da 9:16); hence the strong language they use of Jehovah here, not as worshippers of Him themselves, but as believing Him to be the tutelary God of Judah ("the hope of their fathers," Psa 22:4; they do not say our hope), as each country was thought to have its local god, whose power extended no farther.

habitation--(Psa 90:1; 91:1). Alluding to the tabernacle, or, as in Eze 34:14, "fold," which carries out the image in Jr 50:6, "resting-place" of the "sheep." But it can only mean "habitation" (Jr 31:23), which confirms English Version here.

hope of their fathers--This especially condemned the Jews that their apostasy was from that God whose faithfulness their fathers had experienced. At the same time these "adversaries" unconsciously use language which corrects their own notions. The covenant with the Jews' "fathers" is not utterly set aside by their sin, as their adversaries thought; there is still "a habitation" or refuge for them with the God of their fathers.

Jeremías 50:8

8. (Jr 51:6, 45; Is 48:20; Zec 2:6, 7; Re 18:4). Immediately avail yourselves of the opportunity of escape.

be as ... he-goats before ... flocks--Let each try to be foremost in returning, animating the weak, as he-goats lead the flock; such were the companions of Ezra (Ezr 1:5, 6).

Jeremías 50:9

9. from thence--that is, from the north country.

expert--literally, "prosperous." Besides "might," "expertness" is needed, that an arrow may do execution. The Margin has a different Hebrew reading; "destroying," literally, "bereaving, childless-making" (Jr 15:7). The Septuagint and Syriac support English Version.

In vain--without killing him at whom it was aimed (2Sa 1:22).

Jeremías 50:11

11. (Is 47:6).

grown fat--and so, skip wantonly.

at grass--fat and frisky. But there is a disagreement of gender in Hebrew reading thus. The Keri is better: "a heifer threshing"; the strongest were used for threshing, and as the law did not allow their mouth to be muzzled in threshing (De 25:4), they waxed wanton with eating.

bellow as bulls--rather, "neigh as steeds," literally, "strong ones," a poetical expression for steeds (see on Jr 8:16) [Maurer].

Jeremías 50:12

12. Your mother--Babylon, the metropolis of the empire.

hindermost--marvellous change, that Babylon, once the queen of the world, should be now the hindermost of nations, and at last, becoming "a desert," cease to be a nation!

Jeremías 50:14

14. Summons to the Median army to attack Babylon.

against the Lord--By oppressing His people, their cause is His cause. Also by profaning His sacred vessels (Da 5:2).

Jeremías 50:15

15. Shout--Inspirit one another to the onset with the battle cry.

given ... hand--an idiom for, "submitted to" the conquerors (1Ch 29:24, Margin; La 5:6).

as she hath done, do unto her--just retribution in kind. She had destroyed many, so must she be destroyed (Psa 137:8). So as to spiritual Babylon (Re 18:6). This is right because "it is the vengeance of the Lord"; but this will not justify private revenge in kind (Mt 5:44; Ro 12:19-21); even the Old Testament law forbade this, though breathing a sterner spirit than the New Testament (Ex 23:4, 5; Pr 25:21, 22).

Jeremías 50:16

16. Babylon had the extent rather of a nation than of a city. Therefore grain was grown within the city wall sufficient to last for a long siege [Aristotle, Politics, 3.2; Pliny, 18.17]. Conquerors usually spare agriculturists, but in this case all alike were to be "cut off."

for fear of ... oppressing sword--because of the sword of the oppressor.

every one to his people--from which they had been removed to Babylon from all quarters by the Chaldean conquerors (Jr 51:9; Is 13:14).

Jeremías 50:18

18. punish ... king of Babylon--Nabonidus, or Labynitus.

as ... punished ... Assyrian--Sennacherib and other kings [Grotius] (2Ki 19:37).

Jeremías 50:20

20. The specification of "Israel," as well as Judah, shows the reference is to times yet to come.

iniquity ... none--not merely idolatry, which ceased among the Jews ever since the Babylonian captivity, but chiefly their rejection of Messiah. As in a cancelled debt, it shall be as if it had never been; God, for Christ's sake, shall treat them as innocent (Jr 31:34). Without cleansing away of sin, remission of punishment would be neither to the honor of God nor to the highest interests of the elect.

whom I reserve--the elect "remnant" (Is 1:9). The "residue" (Zec 14:2; 13:8, 9).

Jeremías 50:21

21. Merathaim--a symbolical name for Babylon, the doubly rebellious, namely, against God. Compare Jr 50:24, "thou hast striven against the Lord"; and Jr 50:29, "proud against the Lord." The "doubly" refers to: first, the Assyrian's oppression of Israel; next, the kindred Chaldean's oppression of Judah (compare Jr 50:17-20, 33; especially Jr 50:18).

Pekod--(Eze 23:23); a chief province of Assyria, in which Nineveh, now overthrown, once lay. But, as in Merathaim, the allusion is to the meaning of Pekod, namely, "visitation"; the inhabitants whose time of deserved visitation in punishment is come; not, however, without reference to the now Babylonian province, Pekod. The visitation on Babylon was a following up of that on Assyria.

after them--even their posterity, and all that is still left of Babylon, until the very name is extinct [Grotius]. Devastate the city, after its inhabitants have deserted it.

all ... I ... commanded--by Isaiah (Is 13:1, &c.).

Jeremías 50:23

23. hammer--that is, Babylon, so called because of its ponderous destructive power; just as "Martel," that is, "a little hammer," was the surname of a king of the Franks (Is 14:6).

Jeremías 50:24

24. I--Thou hast to do with God, not merely with men.

taken ... not aware--Herodotus relates that one half of the city was taken before those in the other half were "aware" of it. Cyrus turned the waters of the Euphrates where it was defended into a different channel, and so entered the city by the dried-up channel at night, by the upper and lower gates (Da 5:30, 31).

Jeremías 50:25

25. weapons of his indignation--the Medes and Persians (Is 13:5).

Jeremías 50:26

26. from the utmost border--namely, of the earth. Or, from all sides [Ludovicus De Dieu].

storehouses--or, "her houses filled with men and goods" [Michaelis]. When Cyrus took it, the provisions found there were enough to have lasted for many years.

as heaps--make of the once glorious city heaps of ruins. Vast mounds of rubbish now mark the site of ancient Babylon. "Tread her as heaps of corn which are wont to be trodden down in the threshing-floor" [Grotius].

Jeremías 50:27

27. bullocks--that is, princes and strong warriors (Jr 46:21; Psa 22:12; Is 34:7).

go down to ... slaughter--The slaughterhouses lay low beside the river; therefore it is said, "go down"; appropriate to Babylon on the Euphrates, the avenue through which the slaughterers entered the city.

Jeremías 50:28

28. declare in Zion ... temple--Some Jews "fleeing" from Babylon at its fall shall tell in Judea how God avenged the cause of Zion and her temple that had been profaned (Jr 52:13; Da 1:2; 5:2).

Jeremías 50:29

29. archers--literally, "very many and powerful"; hence the Hebrew word is used of archers (Job 16:13) from the multitude and force of their arrows.

according to all that she hath done--(See on Jr 50:15).

proud against the Lord--not merely cruel towards men (Is 47:10).

Jeremías 50:30

30. (See on Jr 49:26).

in the streets--The Babylonians were so discouraged by having lost some battles that they retired within their walls and would not again meet Cyrus in the field.

Jeremías 50:31

31. most proud--literally, "pride"; that is, man of pride; the king of Babylon.

visit--punish (Jr 50:27).

Jeremías 50:33

33. Israel and ... Judah were oppressed--He anticipates an objection, in order to answer it: Ye have been, no doubt, "oppressed," therefore ye despair of deliverance; but, remember your "Redeemer is strong," and therefore can and will deliver you.

Jeremías 50:34

34. strong--as opposed to the power of Israel's oppressor (Re 18:8).

plead ... cause--as their advocate. Image from a court of justice; appropriate as God delivers His people not by mere might, but by righteousness. His plea against Satan and all their enemies is His own everlasting love, reconciling mercy and justice in the Redeemer's work and person (Mi 7:9; Zec 3:1-5; 1Jo 2:1).

give rest ... disquiet--There is a play on the similarity of sounds in the two Hebrew verbs to express more vividly the contrast: "that He may give quiet to the land of Judah (heretofore disquieted by Babylon); but disquiet to the inhabitants of Babylon" (heretofore quietly secure) (Is 14:6-8).

Jeremías 50:35-37

35-37. The repetition of "A sword" in the beginning of each verse, by the figure anaphora, heightens the effect; the reiterated judgment is universal; the same sad stroke of the sword is upon each and all connected with guilty Babylon.

wise men--(Is 47:13). Babylon boasted that it was the peculiar seat of wisdom and wise men, especially in astronomy and astrology.

Jeremías 50:38

38. drought--Altering the pointing, this verse will begin as the three previous verses, "A sword." However, all the pointed manuscripts read, "A drought," as English Version. Cyrus turned off the waters of the Euphrates into a new channel and so marched through the dried-up bed into the city (Jr 51:32). Babylonia once was famed for its corn, which often yielded from one to two hundredfold [Herodotus]. This was due to its network of water-courses from the Euphrates for irrigation, traces of which [Layard] are seen still on all sides, but dry and barren (Is 44:27).

their idols--literally, "terrors." They are mad after idols that are more calculated to frighten than to attract (Jr 51:44, 47, 52; Da 3:1). Mere bugbears with which to frighten children.

Jeremías 50:39

39. wild beasts of the desert--wild cats, remarkable for their howl [Bochart].

wild beasts of the islands--jackals (See on Is 13:21).

owls--rather, "female ostriches"; they delight in solitary places. Literally, "daughters of crying." Compare as to spiritual Babylon, Re 18:2.

no more inhabited for ever--The accumulation of phrases is to express the final and utter extinction of Babylon; fulfilled not immediately, but by degrees; Cyrus took away its supremacy. Darius Hystaspes deprived it, when it had rebelled, of its fortifications. Seleucus Nicanor removed its citizens and wealth to Seleucia, which he founded in the neighborhood; and the Parthians removed all that was left to Ctesiphon. Nothing but its walls was left under the Roman emperor Adrian.

Jeremías 50:41-43

41-43. (Compare Jr 6:22-24). The very language used to describe the calamities which Babylon inflicted on Zion is that here employed to describe Babylon's own calamity inflicted by the Medes. Retribution in kind.

kinds--the allies and satraps of the various provinces of the Medo-Persian empire: Armenia, Hyrcania, Lydia, &c.

coasts--the remote parts.

Jeremías 50:44-46

44-46. Repeated mainly from Jr 49:19-21. The identity of God's principle in His dealing with Edom, and in that with Babylon, is implied by the similarity of language as to both.

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