Jeremías 49
Reina Valera 1909 (RV1909) · Español
1 DE los hijos de Ammón. Así ha dicho Jehová: ¿No tiene hijos Israel? ¿No tiene heredero? ¿Por qué tomó como por heredad el rey de ellos á Gad, y su pueblo habitó en sus ciudades? 2 Por tanto, he aquí vienen días, ha dicho Jehová, en que haré oir en Rabba de los hijos de Ammón clamor de guerra; y será puesta en montón de asolamiento, y sus ciudades serán puestas á fuego, é Israel tomará por heredad á los que los tomaron á ellos, ha dicho Jehová. 3 Aulla, oh Hesbón, porque destruída es Hai; clamad, hijas de Rabba, vestíos de sacos, endechad, y rodead por los vallados, porque el rey de ellos fué en cautiverio, sus sacerdotes y sus príncipes juntamente. 4 ¿Por qué te glorías de los valles? Tu valle se deshizo, oh hija contumaz, la que confía en sus tesoros, la que dice: ¿Quién vendrá contra mí? 5 He aquí yo traigo sobre ti espanto, dice el Señor Jehová de los ejércitos, de todos tus alrededores; y seréis lanzados cada uno en derechura de su rostro, y no habrá quien recoja al errante. 6 Y después de esto haré tornar la cautividad de los hijos de Ammón, dice Jehová. 7 De Edom. Así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos: ¿No hay más sabiduría en Temán? ¿ha perecido el consejo en los sabios? ¿corrompióse su sabiduría? 8 Huid, volveos, escondeos en simas para estar, oh moradores de Dedán; porque el quebrantamiento de Esaú traeré sobre él, al tiempo que lo tengo de visitar. 9 Si vendimiadores vinieran contra ti, ¿no dejarán rebuscos? Si ladrones de noche, tomarán lo que hubieren menester. 10 Mas yo desnudaré á Esaú, descubriré sus escondrijos, y no podrá esconderse: será destruída su simiente, y sus hermanos, y sus vecinos; y no será. 11 Deja tus huérfanos, yo los criaré; y en mí se confiarán tus viudas. 12 Porque así ha dicho Jehová: He aquí que los que no estaban condenados á beber del cáliz, beberán ciertamente; ¿y serás tú absuelto del todo? No serás absuelto, sino que de cierto beberás. 13 Porque por mí he jurado, dice Jehová, que en asolamiento, en oprobio, en soledad, y en maldición, será Bosra; y todas sus ciudades serán en asolamientos perpetuos. 14 La fama oí, que de Jehová había sido enviado mensajero á las gentes, diciendo: Juntaos, y venid contra ella, y levantaos á la batalla. 15 Porque he aquí que pequeño te he puesto entre las gentes, menospreciado entre los hombres. 16 Tu arrogancia te engañó, y la soberbia de tu corazón, tú que habitas en cavernas de peñas, que tienes la altura del monte: aunque alces como águila tu nido, de allí te haré descender, dice Jehová. 17 Y será Edom en asolamiento: todo aquel que pasare por ella se espantará, y silbará sobre todas sus plagas. 18 Como el trastornamiento de Sodoma y de Gomorra, y de sus ciudades vecinas, dice Jehová, no morará allí nadie, ni la habitará hijo de hombre. 19 He aquí que como león subirá de la hinchazón del Jordán contra la bella y robusta; porque muy pronto harélo correr de sobre ella, y al que fuere escogido la encargaré; porque ¿quién es semejante á mí? ¿y quién me emplazará? ¿y quién será aquel pastor que me podrá resistir? 20 Por tanto, oid el consejo de Jehová, que ha acordado sobre Edom; y sus pensamientos, que ha resuelto sobre los moradores de Temán. Ciertamente los más pequeños del hato los arrastrarán, y destruirán sus moradas con ellos. 21 Del estruendo de la caída de ellos la tierra tembló, y el grito de su voz se oyó en el mar Bermejo. 22 He aquí que como águila subirá y volará, y extenderá sus alas sobre Bosra: y el corazón de los valientes de Edom será en aquel día como el corazón de mujer en angustias. 23 Acerca de Damasco. Confundióse Hamath, y Arphad, porque oyeron malas nuevas: derritiéronse en aguas de desmayo, no pueden sosegarse. 24 Desmayóse Damasco, volvióse para huir, y tomóle temblor: angustia y dolores le tomaron, como de mujer que está de parto. 25 ¡Cómo dejaron á la ciudad de alabanza, ciudad de mi gozo! 26 Por tanto, sus mancebos caerán en sus plazas, y todos los hombres de guerra morirán en aquel día, ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos. 27 Y haré encender fuego en el muro de Damasco, y consumirá las casas de Ben-hadad. 28 De Cedar y de los reinos de Hasor, los cuales hirió Nabucodonosor rey de Babilonia. Así ha dicho Jehová: Levantaos, subid contra Cedar, y destruid los hijos de oriente. 29 Sus tiendas y sus ganados tomarán: sus cortinas, y todos sus vasos, y sus camellos, tomarán para sí; y llamarán contra ellos miedo alrededor. 30 Huid, trasponeos muy lejos, meteos en simas para estar, oh moradores de Hasor, dice Jehová; porque tomó consejo contra vosotros Nabucodonosor rey de Babilonia, y contra vosotros ha formado designio. 31 Levantaos, subid á gente pacífica, que vive confiadamente, dice Jehová, que ni tienen puertas ni cerrojos, que viven solitarios. 32 Y serán sus camellos por presa, y la multitud de sus ganados por despojo; y esparcirélos por todos vientos, echados hasta el postrer rincón; y de todos sus lados les traeré su ruina, dice Jehová. 33 Y Hasor será morada de chacales, soledad para siempre: ninguno morará allí, ni la habitará hijo de hombre. 34 Palabra de Jehová que fué á Jeremías profeta acerca de Elam, en el principio del reinado de Sedechîas rey de Judá, diciendo: 35 Así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos: He aquí que yo quiebro el arco de Elam, principio de su fortaleza. 36 Y traeré sobre Elam los cuatro vientos de los cuatro puntos del cielo, y aventarélos á todos estos vientos; ni habrá gente adonde no vengan extranjeros de Elam. 37 Y haré que Elam se intimide delante de sus enemigos, y delante de los que buscan su alma; y traeré sobre ellos mal, y el furor de mi enojo, dice Jehová; y enviaré en pos de ellos espada hasta que los acabe. 38 Y pondré mi silla en Elam, y destruiré de allí rey y príncipe, dice Jehová. 39 Mas acontecerá en lo postrero de los días, que haré tornar la cautividad de Elam, dice Jehová.
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Jeremías 49:1
Jr 49:1-39. Predictions as to Ammon, Idumea, Damascus, Kedar, Hazor, and Elam.
The event of the prophecy as to Ammon preceded that as to Moab (see on Jr 49:3); and in Eze 21:26-28, the destruction of Ammon is subjoined to the deposition of Zedekiah.
1. Hath Israel ... no heir?--namely, to occupy the land of Gad, after it itself has been carried away captive by Shalmaneser. Ammon, like Moab, descended from Lot, lay north of Moab, from which it was separated by the river Arnon, and east of Reuben and Gad (Jos 13:24, 25) on the same side of Jordan. It seized on Gad when Israel was carried captive. Judah was by the right of kindred the heir, not Ammon; but Ammon joined with Nebuchadnezzar against Judah and Jerusalem (2Ki 24:2) and exulted over its fall (Psa 83:4-7, 8; Zep 2:8, 9). It had already, in the days of Jeroboam, in Israel's affliction, tried to "enlarge its border" (2Ki 14:26; Am 1:1, 13).
their king--(Am 1:15); referring to Melchom, their tutelary idol (Zep 1:5); and so the Septuagint reads it here as a proper name (1Ki 11:5, 33; 2Ki 23:13). The Ammonite god is said to do what they do, namely, occupy the Israelite land of Gad. To Jehovah, the theocratic "King" of Israel, the land belonged of right; so that their Molech or Melchom was a usurper-king.
his people--the people of Melchom, "their king." Compare "people of Chemosh," Jr 48:46.
Jeremías 49:2
2. Rabbah--"the great," metropolis of Ammon (2Sa 12:26-30). Its destruction is foretold also in Eze 25:5; Am 1:14, 15.
her daughters--the towns and villages, dependencies of the metropolis (Jos 15:45).
shall ... be heir--shall possess those who possessed him. The full accomplishment of this is still future; partially fulfilled under the Maccabees (1 Maccabees 5:6).
Jeremías 49:3
3. Heshbon ... Ai--Nebuchadnezzar, coming from the north, first attacked Ammon, then its brother and neighbor, Moab. As Ai of Ammon had already suffered destruction, Heshbon of Moab being near it might well fear the same fate.
hedges--Their cities being destroyed, the outcasts have no place of shelter save behind the "hedges" of vineyards and gardens; or else the enclosures of their villages.
their king--Melchom, the idol, as the mention of "his priests" shows (compare Jr 48:7).
Jeremías 49:4
4. thy flowing valley--rather, "thy valley shall flow," namely with the blood of the slain; in sad contrast to their "valleys" in which they had heretofore "gloried," as flowing with milk and honey [Grotius]. Or else, as Margin, "shall flow away."
backsliding--apostate from Jehovah, the God of their father Lot, to Molech.
treasures--her resources for resisting the foe.
Who shall, &c.--Who can come ... (Jr 21:13).
Jeremías 49:5
Jeremías 49:6
6. (Compare Jr 48:47). For the sake of "righteous" Lot their progenitor. Partially fulfilled under Cyrus; in gospel times more fully.
Jeremías 49:7
7. Concerning Edom--a distinct prophecy, copied in part from Obadiah, but with the freedom of one himself inspired and foretelling a later calamity. Obadiah's was fulfilled probably in Sennacherib's time (compare Is 34:5; Am 1:11); Jeremiah's about the same time as his preceding prophecies (Jr 49:12; Eze 25:12).
wisdom--for which the Arabs and the people of Teman (a city of Edom) in particular, were famed (Ge 36:15; 1Ki 4:30; see Job, everywhere; Ob 8).
vanished--literally, "poured out," that is, exhausted (compare Is 19:3, Margin) [Maurer]. Or, as the kindred Ethiopic word means, "worn out" [Ludovicus De Dieu].
Jeremías 49:8
8. turn--namely, your backs in flight.
dwell deep--in deep defiles and caves [Grotius], which abound in Idumea. Others refer it to the Arab custom of retiring into the depth of the desert when avoiding an offended foe (Jr 49:30).
Dedan--a tribe bordering on and made subject by Idumea; descended from Jokshan, son of Abraham and Keturah (Ge 25:1-3).
Esau--The naming of Edom's progenitor, reprobated by God, recalls the remembrance of the old curse on him for his profanity, both his sin and its punishment being perpetuated in his descendants (He 12:16, 17).
Jeremías 49:9
9. (Ob 5). Grape gatherers, yea even thieves, leave something behind them; but the Chaldeans will sweep Idumea clean of everything.
Jeremías 49:10
Jeremías 49:11
11. Thy fatherless and widows must rest their hope in God alone, as none of the adult males shall be left alive, so desperate will be the affairs of Edom. The verse also, besides this threat, implies a promise of mercy to Esau in God's good time, as there was to Moab and Ammon (Jr 49:6; Jr 48:47); the extinction of the adult males is the prominent idea (compare Jr 49:12).
Jeremías 49:12
12. (Compare Jr 25:15, 16, 29).
they whose judgment was not to drink of the cup--the Jews to whom, by virtue of the covenant relation, it did not belong to drink the cup. It might have been expected that they would be spared. He regards not the merits of the Jews, for they were as bad or worse than others: but the grace and adoption of God; it is just and natural ("judgment") that God should pardon His sons sooner than aliens [Calvin].
Jeremías 49:13
13. Bozrah--(See on Jr 48:24).
Jeremías 49:14
14. (Ob 1-3).
ambassador ... unto the heathen--a messenger from God to stir up the Chaldeans against Edom.
Jeremías 49:15
15. David and Joab had already humbled Edom (2Sa 8:14).
Jeremías 49:16
16. terribleness--the terror which thou didst inspire into others.
deceived thee--rendered thee proudly confident, as if none would dare to assail thee.
dwellest in ... rock--Petra, the chief of Idumea, was cut in the rocks; its ruins are very remarkable. The whole south of Idumea abounds in cave dwellings and rocks.
though ... nest ... eagle--(Job 39:27; Ob 3, 4). The eagle builds its nest in the highest craggy eyry.
Jeremías 49:17
17. (Compare 1Ki 9:8).
Jeremías 49:18
Jeremías 49:19
19. he--Nebuchadnezzar, or Nebuzara-dan; the name would at once suggest itself to the minds of the hearers (Jr 48:40; 46:18).
swelling--as a lion which the overflow of the Jordan forced out of his lair on the banks, to ascend the neighboring heights [Calvin]. See as to the translation, "pride of the Jordan," see on Jr 12:5.
habitation of ... strong--the fastnesses of Idumea (compare Nu 24:21). Maurer translates, "An ever verdant (literally, 'perennial') pasturage," that is, Idumea heretofore having enjoyed uninterrupted tranquillity; so in Jr 49:20 the image is retained, the Idumeans being compared to "a flock," and their king to "a shepherd," in this verse, and the enemy to "a lion" (compare Jr 50:17-19). English Version accords more with the Hebrew.
suddenly--"in the twinkling of an eye," as the Hebrew implies.
him ... her--I will make Nebuzara-dan enter Idumea, and then, having in the twinkling of an eye effected the conquest, go away speedily: elsewhere. Instead of "but," translate, "for." Grotius translates, "run upon her," or "to her," instead of "run away from her." Maurer understands it, "I will make him (the Idumean) run away from her" (that is, from his own land); the similar change of reference of the pronouns (Jr 50:44) favors this.
who is a chosen man, &c.--God calls the choicest warriors to Him, to set "over" the work of devastating Idumea. God will surely execute His purpose, for He can call forth from all sides the agents He chooses.
who is like me?--(Ex 15:11).
who will appoint me the time?--namely, for entering into a trial in judgment with Me (see Margin). Image from law courts (Job 9:19).
shepherd--leader of the Idumeans; following up the previous image, "a lion"; no Idumean shepherd shall withstand the lion sent by Jehovah (Job 41:10), or save the Idumean flock.
Jeremías 49:20
20. least of the flock--the weakest and humblest of the Chaldean host. Compare Jr 6:3, where the hostile leaders and their hosts are called "shepherds and their flocks."
draw ... out--"shall drag them away captive" [Grotius]; shall drag them to and fro, as a lion (Jr 49:19) does feeble sheep [Maurer].
with them--that is, the habitation which they possess.
Jeremías 49:21
21. was heard in--that is, shall be heard at.
Red Sea--a considerable distance from Idumea; though the district at the Elantic bay of the Red Sea originally belonged to Idumea, and the sea itself was called from Edom, that is, "red" (Ge 25:30, Margin). Others translate, "the weedy sea" (Margin), and derive the name, "Red Sea," from its red weeds; the former view is preferable.
Jeremías 49:22
Jeremías 49:23
23. Prophecy as to Damascus, &c. (Is 17:1; 10:9). The kingdom of Damascus was destroyed by Assyria, but the city revived, and it is as to the latter Jeremiah now prophesies. The fulfilment was probably about five years after the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar [Josephus, Antiquities, 10.9,7].
Hamath is confounded--at the tidings of the overthrow of the neighboring Damascus.
on the sea--that is, at the sea; the dwellers there are alarmed. Other manuscripts read, "like the sea." "There is anxiety (restless) as is the sea: they cannot quiet it," that is, it cannot be quieted (Is 57:20).
it--Whatever dwellers are there "cannot be quiet."
Jeremías 49:25
25. city of praise--The prophet, in the person of a citizen of Damascus deploring its calamity, calls it "the city of praise," that is, celebrated with praises everywhere for its beauty (Jr 33:9; 51:41). "How is it possible that such a city has not been left whole--has not been spared by the foe?" Compare left, Lu 17:35, 36. So Israel "left" standing some of the Canaanite cities (Jos 11:13).
of my joy--that is, in which I delighted.
Jeremías 49:26
26. Therefore--that is, Since Damascus is doomed to fall, therefore, &c.
Jeremías 49:27
Jeremías 49:28
28. Kedar--son of Ishmael (Ge 25:13). The Kedarenes led a wandering predatory life in Arabia-Petræa, as the Bedouin Arabs (2Ch 21:16, 17; Psa 120:5). Kedar means "blackness" (So 1:5).
Hazor--not the city in Palestine, but a district in Arabia-Petræa. "Kingdoms" refer to the several combinations of clans, each under its own sheik.
men of the east--Kedar and Hazor were east of Judea (Jud 6:3; Job 1:3).
Jeremías 49:29
Jeremías 49:30
30. (See on Jr 49:8). No conqueror would venture to follow them into the desert.
Jeremías 49:31
31. wealthy--rather, "tranquil" (1Ch 4:40).
neither gates nor bars--The Arabs, lying out of the track of the contending powers of Asia and Africa, took no measures of defense and had neither walled cities nor gates (Eze 38:11). They thought their scanty resources and wilderness position would tempt no foe.
alone--separated from other nations, without allies; and from one another scattered asunder. So as to Israel's isolation (Nu 23:9; De 33:28; Mi 7:14).
Jeremías 49:32
32. camels--their chief possessions; not fields or vineyards.
in utmost ... corners--who seemed least likely to be dispersed. Or else, "having the hair shaven (or clipped) in angles" (Jr 9:26; 25:23) [Grotius].
calamity from all sides--which will force even those in "corners" to "scatter" themselves.
Jeremías 49:33
33. (Mal 1:3).
Jeremías 49:34
34. Elam--part of Susiana, west of Persia proper, but used to designate Persia in general. Elam proper, or Elymais, nearer Judea than Persia, is probably here meant; it had helped Nebuchadnezzar against Judea; hence its punishment. It may have been idolatrous, whereas Persia proper was mainly monotheistic.
Jeremías 49:35
35. bow--Elam was famed for its bowmen (Is 22:6).
chief of their might--in opposition to "bow," that is, bowmen, who constituted their main strength.
Jeremías 49:36
36. four winds, &c.--Nebuchadnezzar's army containing soldiers from the four quarters.
Jeremías 49:37
37. consumed--as a distinct nation (Da 8:2-27). Fulfilled under Alexander and his successors.
Jeremías 49:38
38. I will show Myself King by My judgments there, as though My tribunal were erected there. The throne of Cyrus, God's instrument, set up over Media, of which Elam was a part, may be meant [Grotius]; or rather, that of Nebuchadnezzar (Jr 43:10). Then the restoration of Elam (Jr 49:39) will refer partly to that which took place on the reduction of Babylon by Cyrus, prince of Persia and Media.
Jeremías 49:39
39. latter days--The full restoration belongs to gospel times. Elamites were among the first who heard and accepted it (Ac 2:9).
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