Jeremías 51
Reina Valera 1909 (RV1909) · Español
1 ASÍ ha dicho Jehová: He aquí que yo levanto sobre Babilonia, y sobre sus moradores que se levantan contra mí, un viento destruidor. 2 Y enviaré á Babilonia aventadores que la avienten, y vaciarán su tierra; porque serán contra ella de todas partes en el día del mal. 3 Diré al flechero que entesa su arco, y al que se pone orgulloso con su loriga: No perdonéis á sus mancebos, destruid todo su ejército. 4 Y caerán muertos en la tierra de los Caldeos, y alanceados en sus calles. 5 Porque Israel y Judá no han enviudado de su Dios, Jehová de los ejércitos, aunque su tierra fué llena de pecado contra el Santo de Israel. 6 Huid de en medio de Babilonia, y librad cada uno su alma, porque no perezcáis á causa de su maldad: porque el tiempo es de venganza de Jehová; darále su pago. 7 Vaso de oro fué Babilonia en la mano de Jehová, que embriaga toda la tierra: de su vino bebieron las gentes; aturdiéronse por tanto las naciones. 8 En un momento cayó Babilonia, y despedazóse: aullad sobre ella; tomad bálsamo para su dolor, quizá sanará. 9 Curamos á Babilonia, y no ha sanado: dejadla, y vámonos cada uno á su tierra; porque llegado ha hasta el cielo su juicio, y alzádose hasta las nubes. 10 Jehová sacó á luz nuestras justicias: venid, y contemos en Sión la obra de Jehová nuestro Dios. 11 Limpiad las saetas, embrazad los escudos: despertado ha Jehová el espíritu de los reyes de Media; porque contra Babilonia es su pensamiento para destruirla; porque venganza es de Jehová, venganza de su templo. 12 Levantad bandera sobre los muros de Babilonia, reforzad la guardia, poned centinelas, disponed celadas; porque deliberó Jehová, y aun pondrá en efecto lo que ha dicho sobre los moradores de Babilonia. 13 La que moras entre muchas aguas, rica en tesoros, venido ha tu fin, la medida de tu codicia. 14 Jehová de los ejércitos juró por su vida, diciendo: Yo te llenaré de hombres como de langostas, y levantarán contra ti gritería. 15 El es el que hizo la tierra con su fortaleza, el que afirmó el mundo con su sabiduría, y extendió los cielos con inteligencia; 16 El que da con su voz muchedumbre de aguas del cielo, y hace subir las nubes de lo postrero de la tierra; él hace relámpagos con la lluvia, y saca el viento de sus tesoros. 17 Todo hombre se ha infatuado y es sin ciencia: avergüénzase todo artífice de la escultura, porque mentira es su vaciadizo, que no tiene espíritu. 18 Vanidad son, obra de irrisiones; en el tiempo de su visitación perecerán. 19 No es como ellos la parte de Jacob: porque él es el Formador de todo; é Israel es la vara de su heredad: Jehová de los ejércitos es su nombre. 20 Martillo me sois, y armas de guerra; y por medio de ti quebrantaré gentes, y por medio de ti desharé reinos; 21 Y por tu medio quebrantaré caballos y sus cabalgadores, y por medio de ti quebrantaré carros y los que en ellos suben; 22 Asimismo por tu medio quebrantaré hombres y mujeres, y por medio de ti quebrantaré viejos y mozos, y por tu medio quebrantaré mancebos y vírgenes: 23 También quebrantaré por medio de ti al pastor y á su manada: quebrantaré por tu medio á labradores y sus yuntas; y duques y príncipes quebrantaré por medio de ti. 24 Y pagaré á Babilonia y á todos los moradores de Caldea, todo el mal de ellos que hicieron en Sión delante de vuestros ojos, dice Jehová. 25 He aquí yo contra ti, oh monte destruidor, dice Jehová, que destruiste toda la tierra; y extenderé mi mano sobre ti, y te haré rodar de las peñas, y te tornaré monte quemado. 26 Y nadie tomará de ti piedra para esquina, ni piedra para cimiento; porque perpetuos asolamientos serás, ha dicho Jehová. 27 Alzad bandera en la tierra, tocad trompeta en las naciones, apercibid gentes contra ella; juntad contra ella los reinos de Ararat, de Minni, y de Aschênaz; señalad contra ella capitán, haced subir caballos como langostas erizadas. 28 Apercibid contra ella gentes; á reyes de Media, á sus capitanes, y á todos sus príncipes, y á toda la tierra de su señorío. 29 Y temblará la tierra, y afligiráse; porque confirmado es contra Babilonia todo el pensamiento de Jehová, para poner la tierra de Babilonia en soledad, y que no haya morador. 30 Los valientes de Babilonia dejaron de pelear, estuviéronse en sus fuertes: faltóles su fortaleza, tornáronse como mujeres: encendiéronse sus casas, quebráronse sus cerrojos. 31 Correo se encontrará con correo, mensajero se encontrará con mensajero, para noticiar al rey de Babilonia que su ciudad es tomada por todas partes: 32 Y los vados fueron tomados, y los carrizos fueron quemados á fuego, y consternáronse los hombres de guerra. 33 Porque así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos, Dios de Israel: La hija de Babilonia es como parva; tiempo es ya de trillarla: de aquí á poco le vendrá el tiempo de la siega. 34 Comióme, desmenuzóme Nabucodonosor rey de Babilonia; paróme como vaso vacío, tragóme como dragón, hinchió su vientre de mis delicadezas, y echóme. 35 Sobre Babilonia la violencia contra mí y mi carne, dirá la moradora de Sión; y mi sangre sobre los moradores de Caldea, dirá Jerusalem. 36 Por tanto, así ha dicho Jehová: He aquí que yo juzgo tu causa y haré tu venganza; y secaré su mar, y haré que quede seca su corriente. 37 Y será Babilonia para montones, morada de chacales, espanto y silbo, sin morador. 38 A una rugirán como leones; como cachorros de leones bramarán. 39 En su calor les pondré sus banquetes; y haréles que se embriaguen, para que se alegren, y duerman eterno sueño, y no despierten, dice Jehová. 40 Hacerlos he traer como corderos al matadero, como carneros con cabritos. 41 ¡Cómo fué presa Sesach, y fué tomada la que era alabada por toda la tierra! ¡Cómo fué Babilonia por espanto entre las gentes! 42 Subió la mar sobre Babilonia; de la multitud de sus ondas fué cubierta. 43 Sus ciudades fueron asoladas, la tierra seca y desierta, tierra que no morará en ella nadie, ni pasará por ella hijo de hombre. 44 Y visitaré á Bel en Babilonia, y sacaré de su boca lo que ha tragado: y no vendrán más á él gentes; y el muro de Babilonia caerá. 45 Salid de en medio de ella, pueblo mío, y salvad cada uno su vida de la ira del furor de Jehová. 46 Y porque no desmaye vuestro corazón, y temáis á causa de la fama que se oirá por la tierra, en un año vendrá la fama, y después en otro año el rumor, y la violencia en la tierra, y el enseñoreador sobre el que enseñorea. 47 Por tanto, he aquí vienen días que yo visitaré las esculturas de Babilonia, y toda su tierra será avergonzada, y todos sus muertos caerán en medio de ella. 48 Y los cielos y la tierra, y todo lo que está en ellos, darán alabanzas sobre Babilonia: porque del aquilón vendrán sobre ella destruidores, dice Jehová. 49 Pues que Babilonia fué causa que cayesen muertos de Israel, también de Babilonia caerán muertos de toda la tierra. 50 Los que escapasteis del cuchillo, andad, no os detengáis; acordaos por muchos días de Jehová, y acordaos de Jerusalem. 51 Estamos avergonzados, porque oímos la afrenta: confusión cubrió nuestros rostros, porque vinieron extranjeros contra los santuarios de la casa de Jehová. 52 Por tanto, he aquí vienen días, dice Jehová, que yo visitaré sus esculturas, y en toda su tierra gemirán los heridos. 53 Si subiese Babilonia al cielo, y si fortaleciere en lo alto su fuerza, de mí vendrán á ella destruidores, dice Jehová. 54 ¡Sonido de grito de Babilonia, y quebrantamiento grande de la tierra de los Caldeos! 55 Porque Jehová destruye á Babilonia, y quitará de ella el mucho estruendo; y bramarán sus ondas, como muchas aguas será el sonido de la voz de ellos: 56 Porque vino destruidor contra ella, contra Babilonia, y sus valientes fueron presos, el arco de ellos fué quebrado: porque Jehová, Dios de retribuciones, dará la paga. 57 Y embriagaré sus príncipes y sus sabios, sus capitanes y sus nobles y sus fuertes; y dormirán sueño eterno y no despertarán, dice el Rey, cuyo nombre es Jehová de los ejércitos. 58 Así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos: El muro ancho de Babilonia será derribado enteramente, y sus altas puertas serán quemadas á fuego; y en vano trabajarán pueblos y gentes en el fuego, y se cansarán. 59 Palabra que envió Jeremías profeta á Seraías hijo de Nerías, hijo de Maasías, cuando iba con Sedechîas rey de Judá á Babilonia, el cuarto año de su reinado. Y era Seraías el principal camarero. 60 Escribió pues Jeremías en un libro todo el mal que había de venir sobre Babilonia, todas las palabras que están escritas contra Babilonia. 61 Y dijo Jeremías á Seraías: Cuando llegares á Babilonia, y vieres y leyeres todas estas cosas, 62 Dirás: Oh Jehová, tú has dicho contra este lugar que lo habías de talar, hasta no quedar en él morador, ni hombre ni animal, sino que para siempre ha de ser asolado. 63 Y será que cuando acabares de leer este libro, le atarás una piedra, y lo echarás en medio del Eufrates: 64 Y dirás: Así será anegada Babilonia, y no se levantará del mal que yo traigo sobre ella; y serán rendidos. Hasta aquí son las palabras de Jeremías.
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Jeremías 51:1
Jr 51:1-64. Continuation of the Prophecy against Babylon Begun in the Fiftieth Chapter.
1. in the midst of them that rise ... against me--literally, "in the heart" of them. Compare Psa 46:2, "the midst of the sea," Margin; Eze 27:4, "the heart of the seas"; Margin; Mt 12:40. In the center of the Chaldeans. "Against Me," because they persecute My people. The cabalistic mode of interpreting Hebrew words (by taking the letters in the inverse order of the alphabet, the last letter representing the first, and so on, Jr 25:26) would give the very word Chaldeans here; but the mystical method cannot be intended, as "Babylon" is plainly so called in the immediately preceding parallel clause.
wind--God needs not warlike weapons to "destroy" His foes; a wind or blast is sufficient; though, no doubt, the "wind" here is the invading host of Medes and Persians (Jr 4:11; 2Ki 19:7).
Jeremías 51:2
Jeremías 51:3
3. Against him that bendeth--namely, the bow; that is, the Babylonian archer.
let the archer bend--that is, the Persian archer (Jr 50:4). The Chaldean version and Jerome, by changing the vowel points, read, "Let not him (the Babylonian) who bendeth his bow bend it." But the close of the verse is addressed to the Median invaders; therefore it is more likely that the first part of the verse is addressed to them, as in English Version, not to the Babylonians, to warn them against resistance as vain, as in the Chaldean version. The word "bend" is thrice repeated: "Against him that bendeth let him that bendeth bend," to imply the utmost straining of the bow.
Jeremías 51:4
Jeremías 51:5
5. forsaken--as a widow (Hebrew). Israel is not severed from her husband, Jehovah (Is 54:5-7), by a perpetual divorce.
though ... sin--though the land of Israel has been filled with sin, that is, with the punishment of their sin, devastation. But, as the Hebrew means "for," or "and therefore," not "though," translate, "and therefore their (the Chaldeans') land has been filled with (the penal consequences of) their sin" [Grotius].
Jeremías 51:6
6. Warning to the Israelite captives to flee from Babylon, lest they should be involved in the punishment of her "iniquity." So as to spiritual Babylon and her captives (Re 18:4).
Jeremías 51:7
7. Babylon is compared to a cup, because she was the vessel in the hand of God, to make drunken with His vengeance the other peoples (Jr 13:12; 25:15, 16). Compare as to spiritual Babylon, Re 14:8; 17:4. The cup is termed "golden," to express the splendor and opulence of Babylon; whence also in the image seen by Nebuchadnezzar (Da 2:38) the head representing Babylon is of gold (compare Is 14:4).
Jeremías 51:8-9
Jeremías 51:10
10. Next after the speech of the confederates of Babylon, comes that of the Jews celebrating with thanksgivings the promise-keeping faithfulness of their covenant God.
brought forth, &c.--(Psa 37:6).
our righteousness--not the Jews' merits, but God's faithfulness to Himself and to His covenant, which constituted the "righteousness" of His people, that is, their justification in their controversy with Babylon, the cruel enemy of God and His people. Compare Jr 23:6, "The Lord our righteousness"; Mi 7:9. Their righteousness is His righteousness.
declare in Zion--(Psa 102:13-21).
Jeremías 51:11
11. Make bright--literally, "pure." Polish and sharpen.
gather--literally, "fill"; that is, gather in full number, so that none be wanting. So, "gave in full tale" (1Sa 18:27). Gesenius, not so well, translates, "Fill with your bodies the shields" (compare So 4:4). He means to tell the Babylonians, Make what preparations you will, all will be in vain (compare Jr 46:3-6).
kings of ... Medes--He names the Medes rather than the Persians, because Darius, or Cyaxares, was above Cyrus in power and the greatness of his kingdom.
temple--(Jr 50:28).
Jeremías 51:12
12. With all your efforts, your city shall be taken.
standard--to summon the defenders together to any point threatened by the besiegers.
Jeremías 51:13
13. waters--(Jr 51:32, 36; see on Is 21:1). The Euphrates surrounded the city and, being divided into many channels, formed islands. Compare as to spiritual Babylon "waters," that is, "many peoples," Re 17:1, 15. A large lake also was near Babylon.
measure--literally, "cubit," which was the most common measure, and therefore is used for a measure in general. The time for putting a limit to thy covetousness [Gesenius]. There is no "and" in the Hebrew: translate, "thine end, the retribution for thy covetousness" [Grotius]. Maurer takes the image to be from weaving: "the cubit where thou art to be cut off"; for the web is cut off, when the required number of cubits is completed (Is 38:12).
Jeremías 51:14
Jeremías 51:15-19
15-19. Repeated from Jr 10:12-16; except that "Israel" is not in the Hebrew of Jr 51:19, which ought, therefore, to be translated, "He is the Former of all things, and (therefore) of the rod of His inheritance" (that is, of the nation peculiarly His own). In Jr 10:1-25 the contrast is between the idols and God; here it is between the power of populous Babylon and that of God: "Thou dwellest upon many waters" (Jr 51:13); but God can, by merely "uttering His voice," create "many waters" (Jr 51:16). The "earth" (in its material aspect) is the result of His "power"; the "world" (viewed in its orderly system) is the result of His "wisdom," &c. (Jr 51:15). Such an Almighty Being can be at no loss for resources to effect His purpose against Babylon.
Jeremías 51:20
Jeremías 51:22
22. old and young--(2Ch 36:17).
Jeremías 51:24
24. The detail of particulars (Jr 51:20-23) is in order to express the indiscriminate slaughters perpetrated by Babylon on Zion, which, in just retribution, are all to befall her in turn (Jr 50:15, 29).
in your sight--addressed to the Jews.
Jeremías 51:25
25. destroying mountain--called so, not from its position, for it lay low (Jr 51:13; Ge 11:2, 9), but from its eminence above other nations, many of which it had "destroyed"; also, because of its lofty palaces, towers, hanging gardens resting on arches, and walls, fifty royal cubits broad and two hundred high.
roll thee down from the rocks--that is, from thy rock-like fortifications and walls.
burnt mountain--(Re 8:8). A volcano, which, after having spent itself in pouring its "destroying" lava on all the country around, falls into the vacuum and becomes extinct, the surrounding "rocks" alone marking where the crater had been. Such was the appearance of Babylon after its destruction, and as the pumice stones of the volcano are left in their place, being unfit for building, so Babylon should never rise from its ruins.
Jeremías 51:26
26. corner ... stone ... foundations--The corner-stone was the most important one in the building, the foundation-stones came next in importance (Ep 2:20). So the sense is, even as there shall be no stones useful for building left of thee, so no leading prince, or governors, shall come forth from thy inhabitants.
Jeremías 51:27
27. (Jr 50:29). As in Jr 51:12 the Babylonians were told to "set up the standard," so here her foes are told to do so: the latter, to good purpose; the former, in vain.
Ararat--Upper or Major Armenia, the regions about Mount Ararat.
Minni--Lower or Lesser Armenia. Rawlinson says that Van was the capital of Minni. It was conquered by Tettarrassa, the general of Tetembar II, the Assyrian king whose wars are recorded on the black obelisk now in the British Museum.
Ashchenaz--a descendant of Japheth (Ge 10:3), who gave his name to the sea now called the Black Sea; the region bordering on it is probably here meant, namely, Asia Minor, including places named Ascania in Phrygia and Bithynia. Cyrus had subdued Asia Minor and the neighboring regions, and from these he drew levies in proceeding against Babylon.
rough caterpillars--The horsemen in multitude, and in appearance bristling with javelins and with crests, resemble "rough caterpillars," or locusts of the hairy-crested kind (Na 3:15).
Jeremías 51:28
28. kings of ... Medes--(Jr 51:11). The satraps and tributary kings under Darius, or Cyaxares.
his dominion--the king of Media's dominion.
Jeremías 51:29
29. land shall tremble ... every purpose of ... Lord shall be performed--elegant antithesis between the trembling of the land or earth, and the stability of "every purpose of the Lord" (compare Psa 46:1-3).
Jeremías 51:30
30. forborne to fight--for the city was not taken by force of arms, but by stratagem, according to the counsel given to Cyrus by two eunuchs of Belshazzar who deserted.
remained in ... holds--not daring to go forth to fight; many, with Nabonidus, withdrew to the fortified city Borsippa.
Jeremías 51:31
31. (See on Jr 50:24).
One post--One courier after another shall announce the capture of the city. The couriers despatched from the walls, where Cyrus enters, shall "meet" those sent by the king. Their confused running to and fro would result from the sudden panic at the entrance of Cyrus into the city, which he had so long besieged ineffectually; the Babylonians had laughed at his attempts and were feasting at the time without fear.
taken at one end--which was not known for a long time to the king and his courtiers feasting in the middle of the city; so great was its extent that, when the city was already three days in the enemy's hands, the fact was not known in some parts of the city [Aristotle, Politics, 3.2].
Jeremías 51:32
32. passages are stopped--The guarded fords of the Euphrates are occupied by the enemy (see on Jr 50:38).
reeds ... burned--literally, "the marsh." After draining off the river, Cyrus "burned" the stockade of dense tree-like "reeds" on its banks, forming the outworks of the city's fortifications. The burning of these would give the appearance of the marsh or river itself being on "fire."
Jeremías 51:33
33. like a threshing-floor, it is time to thresh her--rather, "like a threshing-floor at the time of threshing," or "at the time when it is trodden." The treading, or threshing, here put before the harvest, out of the natural order, because the prominent thought is the treading down or destruction of Babylon. In the East the treading out of the corn took place only at harvest-time. Babylon is like a threshing-floor not trodden for a long time; but the time of harvest, when her citizens shall be trodden under foot, shall come [Calvin]. "Like a threshing-floor full of corn, so is Babylon now full of riches, but the time of harvest shall come, when all her prosperity shall be cut off" [Ludovicus De Dieu]. Grotius distinguishes the "harvest" from the "threshing"; the former is the slaying of her citizens, the latter the pillaging and destruction of the city (compare Joe 3:13; Re 14:15, 18).
Jeremías 51:34
34. me--Zion speaks. Her groans are what bring down retribution in kind on Babylon (Jr 50:17; Psa 102:13, 17, 20).
empty vessel--He has drained me out.
dragon--The serpent often "swallows" its prey whole; or a sea monster [Grotius].
filled his belly ... cast me out--like a beast, which, having "filled" himself to satiety, "casts out" the rest [Calvin]. After filling all his storehouses with my goods, he has cast me out of this land [Grotius].
Jeremías 51:35
35. my flesh--which Nebuchadnezzar hath "devoured" (Jr 51:34). Zion thus calls her kinsmen (Ro 11:14) slain throughout the country or carried captives to Babylon [Grotius]. Or, as "my blood" follows, it and "my flesh" constitute the whole man: Zion, in its totality, its citizens and all its substance, have been a prey to Babylon's violence (Psa 137:8).
Jeremías 51:36
Jeremías 51:37
Jeremías 51:38-39
38-39. The capture of Babylon was effected on the night of a festival in honor of its idols.
roar ... yell--The Babylonians were shouting in drunken revelry (compare Da 5:4).
Jeremías 51:41
41. Sheshach--Babylon (compare Note, see Jr 25:26); called so from the goddess Shach, to whom a five days' festival was kept, during which, as in the Roman Saturnalia, the most unbridled licentiousness was permitted; slaves ruled their masters, and in every house one called Zogan, arrayed in a royal garment, was chosen to rule all the rest. He calls Babylon "Sheshach," to imply that it was during this feast the city was taken [Scaliger].
Jeremías 51:42
Jeremías 51:43
43. Her cities--the cities, her dependencies. So, "Jerusalem and the cities thereof" (Jr 34:1). Or, the "cities" are the inner and outer cities, the two parts into which Babylon was divided by the Euphrates [Grotius].
Jeremías 51:44
44. Bel ... swallowed--in allusion to the many sacrifices to the idol which its priests pretended it swallowed at night; or rather, the precious gifts taken from other nations and offered to it (which it is said to have "swallowed"; compare "devoured," "swallowed," Jr 51:34; Jr 50:17), which it should have to disgorge (compare Jr 51:13; Jr 50:37). Of these gifts were the vessels of Jehovah's temple in Jerusalem (2Ch 36:7; Da 1:2). The restoration of these, as foretold here, is recorded in Ezr 1:7-11.
flow--as a river; fitly depicting the influx of pilgrims of all "nations" to the idol.
Jeremías 51:45-46
45-46. (See on Jr 51:6).
Jeremías 51:47
47. Grotius translates, "Because then (namely, on the third year) the time shall have come that," &c.
confounded--at seeing their gods powerless to help them.
her slain--in retribution for "Israel's slain" (Jr 51:49) who fell by her hand. Grotius translates, "her dancers," as in Jud 21:21, 23; 1Sa 18:6, the same Hebrew word is translated, alluding to the dancing revelry of the festival during which Cyrus took Babylon.
Jeremías 51:48
48. heaven ... earth ... sing for Babylon--(Is 14:7-13; 44:23; Re 18:20).
Jeremías 51:49
49. caused ... to fall--literally, "has been for the falling," that is, as Babylon made this its one aim to fill all places with the slain of Israel, so at Babylon shall all the slain of that whole land (not as English Version, "of all the earth") [Maurer]. Henderson translates, "Babylon also shall fall, ye slain of Israel. Those also of Babylon shall fall, O ye slain of all the earth." But, "in the midst of her," Jr 51:47, plainly answers to "at Babylon," Jr 51:49, English Version.
Jeremías 51:50
50. escaped ... sword--namely, of the Medes. So great will be the slaughter that even some of God's people shall be involved in it, as they had deserved.
afar off--though ye are banished far off from where ye used formerly to worship God.
let Jerusalem come into your mind--While in exile remember your temple and city, so as to prefer them to all the rest of the world wherever ye may be (Is 62:6).
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