Eclesiastés 3
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1 Todo tiene su tiempo, y hay un tiempo para cada asunto bajo los cielos: 2 tiempo de nacer y tiempo de morir, tiempo de plantar y tiempo de arrancar lo plantado; 3 tiempo de matar y tiempo de sanar, tiempo de derribar y tiempo de construir; 4 tiempo de llorar y tiempo de reír, tiempo de hacer duelo y tiempo de bailar; 5 tiempo de arrojar piedras y tiempo de reunir piedras, tiempo de abrazar y tiempo de abstenerse de abrazar; 6 tiempo de buscar y tiempo de dar por perdido, tiempo de guardar y tiempo de desechar; 7 tiempo de rasgar y tiempo de coser, tiempo de callar y tiempo de hablar; 8 tiempo de amar y tiempo de odiar, tiempo de guerra y tiempo de paz. 9 ¿Qué provecho obtiene quien trabaja de aquello en que se afana? 10 He visto la tarea que Dios ha dado a los hijos de los hombres para que se ocupen en ella. 11 Todo lo hizo hermoso en su tiempo. También puso la eternidad en sus corazones, sin que el hombre pueda descubrir la obra que Dios ha hecho desde el principio hasta el fin. 12 Comprendí que no hay nada mejor para ellos que alegrarse y hacer el bien durante su vida; 13 y que todo hombre coma, beba y disfrute del bien de todo su trabajo es un don de Dios. 14 Comprendí que todo lo que Dios hace permanece para siempre; nada se le puede añadir y nada se le puede quitar. Dios ha obrado así para que teman ante él. 15 Lo que es ya fue, y lo que será ya ha sido; Dios busca lo que se ha ido. 16 Vi además bajo el sol que en el lugar del derecho había maldad, y en el lugar de la justicia había maldad. 17 Dije en mi corazón: «Dios juzgará al justo y al malvado, porque allí hay un tiempo para cada asunto y para toda obra». 18 Dije en mi corazón acerca de los hijos de los hombres: «Dios los prueba para que vean que, por sí mismos, son como los animales». 19 Porque lo que les sucede a los hijos de los hombres y lo que les sucede a los animales es lo mismo: como muere uno, muere el otro; todos tienen un mismo aliento. El hombre no tiene ventaja sobre el animal, porque todo es vanidad. 20 Todos van al mismo lugar; todos vienen del polvo y todos vuelven al polvo. 21 ¿Quién sabe si el espíritu de los hijos de los hombres sube hacia arriba y si el espíritu del animal baja hacia la tierra? 22 Vi que no hay nada mejor que alegrarse el hombre en sus obras, porque esa es su porción. Pues ¿quién lo llevará a ver lo que sucederá después de él?
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Eclesiastés 3:1
Earthly pursuits are no doubt lawful in their proper time and order (Ec 3:1-8), but unprofitable when out of time and place; as for instance, when pursued as the solid and chief good (Ec 3:9, 10); whereas God makes everything beautiful in its season, which man obscurely comprehends (Ec 3:11). God allows man to enjoy moderately and virtuously His earthly gifts (Ec 3:12, 13). What consoles us amidst the instability of earthly blessings is, God's counsels are immutable (Ec 3:14).
1. Man has his appointed cycle of seasons and vicissitudes, as the sun, wind, and water (Ec 1:5-7).
purpose--as there is a fixed "season" in God's "purposes" (for example, He has fixed the "time" when man is "to be born," and "to die," Ec 3:2), so there is a lawful "time" for man to carry out his "purposes" and inclinations. God does not condemn, but approves of, the use of earthly blessings (Ec 3:12); it is the abuse that He condemns, the making them the chief end (1Co 7:31). The earth, without human desires, love, taste, joy, sorrow, would be a dreary waste, without water; but, on the other hand, the misplacing and excess of them, as of a flood, need control. Reason and revelation are given to control them.
Eclesiastés 3:2
2. time to die--(Psa 31:15; He 9:27).
plant--A man can no more reverse the times and order of "planting," and of "digging up," and transplanting, than he can alter the times fixed for his "birth" and "death." To try to "plant" out of season is vanity, however good in season; so to make earthly things the chief end is vanity, however good they be in order and season. Gill takes it, not so well, figuratively (Jr 18:7, 9; Am 9:15; Mt 15:13).
Eclesiastés 3:3
3. time to kill--namely, judicially, criminals; or, in wars of self-defense; not in malice. Out of this time and order, killing is murder.
to heal--God has His times for "healing" (literally, Is 38:5, 21; figuratively, De 32:39; Ho 6:1; spiritually, Psa 147:3; Is 57:19). To heal spiritually, before the sinner feels his wound, would be "out of time," and so injurious.
time to break down--cities, as Jerusalem, by Nebuchadnezzar.
build up--as Jerusalem, in the time of Zerubbabel; spiritually (Am 9:11), "the set time" (Psa 102:13-16).
Eclesiastés 3:4
Eclesiastés 3:5
Eclesiastés 3:6
6. time to get--for example, to gain honestly a livelihood (Ep 4:23).
lose--When God wills losses to us, then is our time to be content.
keep--not to give to the idle beggar (2Th 3:10).
cast away--in charity (Pr 11:24); or to part with the dearest object, rather than the soul (Mr 9:43). To be careful is right in its place, but not when it comes between us and Jesus Christ (Lu 10:40-42).
Eclesiastés 3:7
7. rend--garments, in mourning (Joe 2:13); figuratively, nations, as Israel from Judah, already foretold, in Solomon's time (1Ki 11:30, 31), to be "sewed" together hereafter (Eze 37:15, 22).
silence--(Am 5:13), in a national calamity, or that of a friend (Job 2:13); also not to murmur under God's visitation (Le 10:3; Psa 39:1, 2, 9).
Eclesiastés 3:8
Eclesiastés 3:9
9. But these earthly pursuits, while lawful in their season, are "unprofitable" when made by man, what God never intended them to be, the chief good. Solomon had tried to create an artificial forced joy, at times when he ought rather to have been serious; the result, therefore, of his labor to be happy, out of God's order, was disappointment. "A time to plant" (Ec 3:2) refers to his planting (Ec 2:5); "laugh" (Ec 3:4), to Ec 2:1, 2; "his mirth," "laughter"; "build up," "gather stones" (Ec 3:3, 5), to his "building" (Ec 2:4); "embrace," "love," to his "princess" (see on Ec 2:8); "get" (perhaps also "gather," Ec 3:5, 6), to his "gathering" (Ec 2:8). All these were of "no profit," because not in God's time and order of bestowing happiness.
Eclesiastés 3:10
10. (See on Ec 1:13).
Eclesiastés 3:11
11. his time--that is, in its proper season (Psa 1:3), opposed to worldlings putting earthly pursuits out of their proper time and place (see on Ec 3:9).
set the world in their heart--given them capacities to understand the world of nature as reflecting God's wisdom in its beautiful order and times (Ro 1:19, 20). "Everything" answers to "world," in the parallelism.
so that--that is, but in such a manner that man only sees a portion, not the whole "from beginning to end" (Ec 8:17; Job 26:14; Ro 11:33; Re 15:4). Parkhurst, for "world," translates: "Yet He hath put obscurity in the midst of them," literally, "a secret," so man's mental dimness of sight as to the full mystery of God's works. So Holden and Weiss. This incapacity for "finding out" (comprehending) God's work is chiefly the fruit of the fall. The worldling ever since, not knowing God's time and order, labors in vain, because out of time and place.
Eclesiastés 3:12
12. in them--in God's works (Ec 3:11), as far as relates to man's duty. Man cannot fully comprehend them, but he ought joyfully to receive ("rejoice in") God's gifts, and "do good" with them to himself and to others. This is never out of season (Ga 6:9, 10). Not sensual joy and self-indulgence (Php 4:4; Jas 4:16, 17).
Eclesiastés 3:13
Eclesiastés 3:14
14. (1Sa 3:12; 2Sa 23:5; Psa 89:34; Mt 24:35; Jas 1:17).
for ever--as opposed to man's perishing labors (Ec 2:15-18).
any thing taken from it--opposed to man's "crooked and wanting" works (Ec 1:15; 7:13). The event of man's labors depends wholly on God's immutable purpose. Man's part, therefore, is to do and enjoy every earthly thing in its proper season (Ec 3:12, 13), not setting aside God's order, but observing deep reverence towards God; for the mysteriousness and unchangeableness of God's purposes are designed to lead "man to fear before Him." Man knows not the event of each act: otherwise he would think himself independent of God.
Eclesiastés 3:15
15. Resumption of Ec 1:9. Whatever changes there be, the succession of events is ordered by God's "everlasting" laws (Ec 3:14), and returns in a fixed cycle.
requireth that ... past--After many changes, God's law requires the return of the same cycle of events, as in the past, literally, "that which is driven on." The Septuagint and Syriac translate: "God requireth (that is, avengeth) the persecuted man"; a transition to Ec 3:16, 17. The parallel clauses of the verse support English Version.
Eclesiastés 3:16
16. Here a difficulty is suggested. If God "requires" events to move in their perpetual cycle, why are the wicked allowed to deal unrighteously in the place where injustice ought least of all to be; namely, "the place of judgment" (Jr 12:1)?
Eclesiastés 3:17
17. Solution of it. There is a coming judgment in which God will vindicate His righteous ways. The sinner's "time" of his unrighteous "work" is short. God also has His "time" and "work" of judgment; and, meanwhile, is overruling, for good at last, what seems now dark. Man cannot now "find out" the plan of God's ways (Ec 3:11; Psa 97:2). If judgment instantly followed every sin, there would be no scope for free will, faith, and perseverance of saints in spite of difficulties. The previous darkness will make the light at last the more glorious.
there--(Job 3:17-19) in eternity, in the presence of the Divine Judge, opposed to the "there," in the human place of judgment (Ec 3:16): so "from thence" (Ge 49:24).
Eclesiastés 3:18
18. estate--The estate of fallen man is so ordered (these wrongs are permitted), that God might "manifest," that is, thereby prove them, and that they might themselves see their mortal frailty, like that of the beasts.
sons of men--rather, "sons of Adam," a phrase used for "fallen men." The toleration of injustice until the judgment is designed to "manifest" men's characters in their fallen state, to see whether the oppressed will bear themselves aright amidst their wrongs, knowing that the time is short, and there is a coming judgment. The oppressed share in death, but the comparison to "beasts" applies especially to the ungodly oppressors (Psa 49:12, 20). They too need to be "manifested" ("proved"), whether, considering that they must soon die as the "beasts," and fearing the judgment to come, they will repent (Da 4:27).
Eclesiastés 3:19
19. Literally, "For the sons of men (Adam) are a mere chance, as also the beast is a mere chance." These words can only be the sentiments of the skeptical oppressors. God's delay in judgment gives scope for the "manifestation" of their infidelity (Ec 8:11; Psa 55:19; 2Pe 3:3,4). They are "brute beasts," morally (Ec 3:18; Jude 10); and they end by maintaining that man, physically, has no pre-eminence over the beast, both alike being "fortuities." Probably this was the language of Solomon himself in his apostasy. He answers it in Ec 3:21. If Ec 3:19, 20 be his words, they express only that as regards liability to death, excluding the future judgment, as the skeptic oppressors do, man is on a level with the beast. Life is "vanity," if regarded independently of religion. But Ec 3:21 points out the vast difference between them in respect to the future destiny; also (Ec 3:17) beasts have no "judgment" to come.
breath--vitality.
Eclesiastés 3:21
21. Who knoweth--Not doubt of the destination of man's spirit (Ec 12:7); but "how few, by reason of the outward mortality to which man is as liable as the beast and which is the ground of the skeptic's argument, comprehend the wide difference between man and the beast" (Is 53:1). The Hebrew expresses the difference strongly, "The spirit of man that ascends, it belongeth to on high; but the spirit of the beast that descends, it belongeth to below, even to the earth." Their destinations and proper element differ utterly [Weiss].
Eclesiastés 3:22
22. (Compare Ec 3:12; 5:18). Inculcating a thankful enjoyment of God's gifts, and a cheerful discharge of man's duties, founded on fear of God; not as the sensualist (Ec 11:9); not as the anxious money-seeker (Ec 2:23; 5:10-17).
his portion--in the present life. If it were made his main portion, it would be "vanity" (Ec 2:1; Lu 16:25).
for who, &c.--Our ignorance as to the future, which is God's "time" (Ec 3:11), should lead us to use the present time in the best sense and leave the future to His infinite wisdom (Mt 6:20, 25, 31-34).
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