Jérémie 49
Louis Segond 1910 (LSG) · Français
1 Sur les enfants d’Ammon. Ainsi parle l’Éternel : Israël n’a-t-il point de fils ? N’a-t-il point d’héritier ? Pourquoi Malcom possède-t-il Gad, Et son peuple habite-t-il ses villes ? 2 C’est pourquoi voici, les jours viennent, dit l’Éternel, Où je ferai retentir le cri de guerre contre Rabbath des enfants d’Ammon ; Elle deviendra un monceau de ruines, Et les villes de son ressort seront consumées par le feu ; Alors Israël chassera ceux qui l’avaient chassé, dit l’Éternel. 3 Pousse des gémissements, Hesbon, car Aï est ravagée ! Poussez des cris, filles de Rabba, revêtez-vous de sacs, Lamentez-vous, et courez çà et là le long des murailles ! Car Malcom s’en va en captivité, Avec ses prêtres et avec ses chefs. 4 Pourquoi te glorifies-tu de tes vallées ? Ta vallée se fond, fille rebelle, Qui te confiais dans tes trésors : Qui viendra contre moi ? 5 Voici, je fais venir sur toi la terreur, Dit le Seigneur, l’Éternel des armées, Elle viendra de tous tes alentours ; Chacun de vous sera chassé devant soi, Et nul ne ralliera les fuyards. 6 Mais après cela, je ramènerai les captifs des enfants d’Ammon, Dit l’Éternel. 7 Sur Édom. Ainsi parle l’Éternel des armées : N’y a-t-il plus de sagesse dans Théman ? La prudence a-t-elle disparu chez les hommes intelligents ? Leur sagesse s’est-elle évanouie ? 8 Fuyez, tournez le dos, retirez-vous dans les cavernes, Habitants de Dedan ! Car je fais venir le malheur sur Ésaü, Le temps de son châtiment. 9 Si des vendangeurs viennent chez toi, Ne laissent-ils rien à grappiller ? Si des voleurs viennent de nuit, Ils ne dévastent que ce qu’ils peuvent. 10 Mais moi, je dépouillerai Ésaü, Je découvrirai ses retraites, Il ne pourra se cacher ; Ses enfants, ses frères, ses voisins, périront, Et il ne sera plus. 11 Laisse tes orphelins, je les ferai vivre, Et que tes veuves se confient en moi ! 12 Car ainsi parle l’Éternel : Voici, ceux qui ne devaient pas boire la coupe la boiront ; Et toi, tu resterais impuni ! Tu ne resteras pas impuni, Tu la boiras. 13 Car je le jure par moi-même, dit l’Éternel, Botsra sera un objet de désolation, d’opprobre, De dévastation et de malédiction, Et toutes ses villes deviendront des ruines éternelles. 14 J’ai appris de l’Éternel une nouvelle, Et un messager a été envoyé parmi les nations : Assemblez-vous, et marchez contre elle ! Levez-vous pour la guerre ! 15 Car voici, je te rendrai petit parmi les nations, Méprisé parmi les hommes. 16 Ta présomption, l’orgueil de ton cœur t’a égaré, Toi qui habites le creux des rochers, Et qui occupes le sommet des collines. Quand tu placerais ton nid aussi haut que celui de l’aigle, Je t’en précipiterai, dit l’Éternel. 17 Édom sera un objet de désolation ; Tous ceux qui passeront près de lui Seront dans l’étonnement et siffleront sur toutes ses plaies. 18 Comme Sodome et Gomorrhe et les villes voisines, qui furent détruites, Dit l’Éternel, Il ne sera plus habité, Il ne sera le séjour d’aucun homme… 19 Voici, tel qu’un lion, il monte des rives orgueilleuses du Jourdain Contre la demeure forte ; Soudain j’en ferai fuir Édom, Et j’établirai sur elle celui que j’ai choisi. Car qui est semblable à moi ? qui me donnera des ordres ? Et quel est le chef qui me résistera ? 20 C’est pourquoi écoutez la résolution que l’Éternel a prise contre Édom, Et les desseins qu’il a conçus contre les habitants de Théman ! Certainement on les traînera comme de faibles brebis, Certainement on ravagera leur demeure. 21 Au bruit de leur chute, la terre tremble ; Leur cri se fait entendre jusqu’à la mer Rouge… 22 Voici, comme l’aigle il s’avance, il vole, Il étend ses ailes sur Botsra, Et le cœur des héros d’Édom est en ce jour Comme le cœur d’une femme en travail. 23 Sur Damas. Hamath et Arpad sont confuses, Car elles ont appris une mauvaise nouvelle, elles tremblent ; C’est une mer en tourmente, Qui ne peut se calmer. 24 Damas est défaillante, elle se tourne pour fuir, Et l’effroi s’empare d’elle ; L’angoisse et les douleurs la saisissent, Comme une femme en travail. - 25 Ah ! elle n’est pas abandonnée, la ville glorieuse, La ville qui fait ma joie ! - 26 C’est pourquoi ses jeunes gens tomberont dans les rues, Et tous ses hommes de guerre périront en ce jour, Dit l’Éternel des armées. 27 Je mettrai le feu aux murs de Damas, Et il dévorera les palais de Ben-Hadad. 28 Sur Kédar et les royaumes de Hatsor, que battit Nebucadnetsar, roi de Babylone. Ainsi parle l’Éternel : Levez-vous, montez contre Kédar, Et détruisez les fils de l’Orient ! 29 On prendra leurs tentes et leurs troupeaux, On enlèvera leurs pavillons, tous leurs bagages et leurs chameaux, Et l’on jettera de toutes parts contre eux des cris d’épouvante. 30 Fuyez, fuyez de toutes vos forces, cherchez à l’écart une demeure, Habitants de Hatsor ! dit l’Éternel ; Car Nebucadnetsar, roi de Babylone, a pris une résolution contre vous, Il a conçu un projet contre vous. 31 Levez-vous, montez contre une nation tranquille, En sécurité dans sa demeure, dit l’Éternel ; Elle n’a ni portes, ni barres, Elle habite solitaire. 32 Leurs chameaux seront au pillage, Et la multitude de leurs troupeaux sera une proie ; Je les disperserai à tous les vents, ceux qui se rasent les coins de la barbe, Et je ferai venir leur ruine de tous les côtés, dit l’Éternel. 33 Hatsor sera le repaire des chacals, un désert pour toujours ; Personne n’y habitera, aucun homme n’y séjournera. 34 La parole de l’Éternel qui fut adressée à Jérémie, le prophète, sur Élam, au commencement du règne de Sédécias, roi de Juda, en ces mots : 35 Ainsi parle l’Éternel des armées : Voici, je vais briser l’arc d’Élam, Sa principale force. 36 Je ferai venir sur Élam quatre vents des quatre extrémités du ciel, Je les disperserai par tous ces vents, Et il n’y aura pas une nation Où n’arrivent des fugitifs d’Élam. 37 Je ferai trembler les habitants d’Élam devant leurs ennemis Et devant ceux qui en veulent à leur vie, J’amènerai sur eux des malheurs, Mon ardente colère, dit l’Éternel, Et je les poursuivrai par l’épée, Jusqu’à ce que je les aie anéantis. 38 Je placerai mon trône dans Élam, Et j’en détruirai le roi et les chefs, Dit l’Éternel. 39 Mais dans la suite des temps, je ramènerai les captifs d’Élam, Dit l’Éternel.
Ce commentaire est en anglais, tel qu’il a été publié. Le texte biblique ci-dessus n’est pas modifié.
Commentaire — pas le texte biblique
Jérémie 49:1
Jr 49:1-39. Predictions as to Ammon, Idumea, Damascus, Kedar, Hazor, and Elam.
The event of the prophecy as to Ammon preceded that as to Moab (see on Jr 49:3); and in Eze 21:26-28, the destruction of Ammon is subjoined to the deposition of Zedekiah.
1. Hath Israel ... no heir?--namely, to occupy the land of Gad, after it itself has been carried away captive by Shalmaneser. Ammon, like Moab, descended from Lot, lay north of Moab, from which it was separated by the river Arnon, and east of Reuben and Gad (Jos 13:24, 25) on the same side of Jordan. It seized on Gad when Israel was carried captive. Judah was by the right of kindred the heir, not Ammon; but Ammon joined with Nebuchadnezzar against Judah and Jerusalem (2Ki 24:2) and exulted over its fall (Psa 83:4-7, 8; Zep 2:8, 9). It had already, in the days of Jeroboam, in Israel's affliction, tried to "enlarge its border" (2Ki 14:26; Am 1:1, 13).
their king--(Am 1:15); referring to Melchom, their tutelary idol (Zep 1:5); and so the Septuagint reads it here as a proper name (1Ki 11:5, 33; 2Ki 23:13). The Ammonite god is said to do what they do, namely, occupy the Israelite land of Gad. To Jehovah, the theocratic "King" of Israel, the land belonged of right; so that their Molech or Melchom was a usurper-king.
his people--the people of Melchom, "their king." Compare "people of Chemosh," Jr 48:46.
Jérémie 49:2
2. Rabbah--"the great," metropolis of Ammon (2Sa 12:26-30). Its destruction is foretold also in Eze 25:5; Am 1:14, 15.
her daughters--the towns and villages, dependencies of the metropolis (Jos 15:45).
shall ... be heir--shall possess those who possessed him. The full accomplishment of this is still future; partially fulfilled under the Maccabees (1 Maccabees 5:6).
Jérémie 49:3
3. Heshbon ... Ai--Nebuchadnezzar, coming from the north, first attacked Ammon, then its brother and neighbor, Moab. As Ai of Ammon had already suffered destruction, Heshbon of Moab being near it might well fear the same fate.
hedges--Their cities being destroyed, the outcasts have no place of shelter save behind the "hedges" of vineyards and gardens; or else the enclosures of their villages.
their king--Melchom, the idol, as the mention of "his priests" shows (compare Jr 48:7).
Jérémie 49:4
4. thy flowing valley--rather, "thy valley shall flow," namely with the blood of the slain; in sad contrast to their "valleys" in which they had heretofore "gloried," as flowing with milk and honey [Grotius]. Or else, as Margin, "shall flow away."
backsliding--apostate from Jehovah, the God of their father Lot, to Molech.
treasures--her resources for resisting the foe.
Who shall, &c.--Who can come ... (Jr 21:13).
Jérémie 49:5
Jérémie 49:6
6. (Compare Jr 48:47). For the sake of "righteous" Lot their progenitor. Partially fulfilled under Cyrus; in gospel times more fully.
Jérémie 49:7
7. Concerning Edom--a distinct prophecy, copied in part from Obadiah, but with the freedom of one himself inspired and foretelling a later calamity. Obadiah's was fulfilled probably in Sennacherib's time (compare Is 34:5; Am 1:11); Jeremiah's about the same time as his preceding prophecies (Jr 49:12; Eze 25:12).
wisdom--for which the Arabs and the people of Teman (a city of Edom) in particular, were famed (Ge 36:15; 1Ki 4:30; see Job, everywhere; Ob 8).
vanished--literally, "poured out," that is, exhausted (compare Is 19:3, Margin) [Maurer]. Or, as the kindred Ethiopic word means, "worn out" [Ludovicus De Dieu].
Jérémie 49:8
8. turn--namely, your backs in flight.
dwell deep--in deep defiles and caves [Grotius], which abound in Idumea. Others refer it to the Arab custom of retiring into the depth of the desert when avoiding an offended foe (Jr 49:30).
Dedan--a tribe bordering on and made subject by Idumea; descended from Jokshan, son of Abraham and Keturah (Ge 25:1-3).
Esau--The naming of Edom's progenitor, reprobated by God, recalls the remembrance of the old curse on him for his profanity, both his sin and its punishment being perpetuated in his descendants (He 12:16, 17).
Jérémie 49:9
9. (Ob 5). Grape gatherers, yea even thieves, leave something behind them; but the Chaldeans will sweep Idumea clean of everything.
Jérémie 49:10
Jérémie 49:11
11. Thy fatherless and widows must rest their hope in God alone, as none of the adult males shall be left alive, so desperate will be the affairs of Edom. The verse also, besides this threat, implies a promise of mercy to Esau in God's good time, as there was to Moab and Ammon (Jr 49:6; Jr 48:47); the extinction of the adult males is the prominent idea (compare Jr 49:12).
Jérémie 49:12
12. (Compare Jr 25:15, 16, 29).
they whose judgment was not to drink of the cup--the Jews to whom, by virtue of the covenant relation, it did not belong to drink the cup. It might have been expected that they would be spared. He regards not the merits of the Jews, for they were as bad or worse than others: but the grace and adoption of God; it is just and natural ("judgment") that God should pardon His sons sooner than aliens [Calvin].
Jérémie 49:13
13. Bozrah--(See on Jr 48:24).
Jérémie 49:14
14. (Ob 1-3).
ambassador ... unto the heathen--a messenger from God to stir up the Chaldeans against Edom.
Jérémie 49:15
15. David and Joab had already humbled Edom (2Sa 8:14).
Jérémie 49:16
16. terribleness--the terror which thou didst inspire into others.
deceived thee--rendered thee proudly confident, as if none would dare to assail thee.
dwellest in ... rock--Petra, the chief of Idumea, was cut in the rocks; its ruins are very remarkable. The whole south of Idumea abounds in cave dwellings and rocks.
though ... nest ... eagle--(Job 39:27; Ob 3, 4). The eagle builds its nest in the highest craggy eyry.
Jérémie 49:17
17. (Compare 1Ki 9:8).
Jérémie 49:18
Jérémie 49:19
19. he--Nebuchadnezzar, or Nebuzara-dan; the name would at once suggest itself to the minds of the hearers (Jr 48:40; 46:18).
swelling--as a lion which the overflow of the Jordan forced out of his lair on the banks, to ascend the neighboring heights [Calvin]. See as to the translation, "pride of the Jordan," see on Jr 12:5.
habitation of ... strong--the fastnesses of Idumea (compare Nu 24:21). Maurer translates, "An ever verdant (literally, 'perennial') pasturage," that is, Idumea heretofore having enjoyed uninterrupted tranquillity; so in Jr 49:20 the image is retained, the Idumeans being compared to "a flock," and their king to "a shepherd," in this verse, and the enemy to "a lion" (compare Jr 50:17-19). English Version accords more with the Hebrew.
suddenly--"in the twinkling of an eye," as the Hebrew implies.
him ... her--I will make Nebuzara-dan enter Idumea, and then, having in the twinkling of an eye effected the conquest, go away speedily: elsewhere. Instead of "but," translate, "for." Grotius translates, "run upon her," or "to her," instead of "run away from her." Maurer understands it, "I will make him (the Idumean) run away from her" (that is, from his own land); the similar change of reference of the pronouns (Jr 50:44) favors this.
who is a chosen man, &c.--God calls the choicest warriors to Him, to set "over" the work of devastating Idumea. God will surely execute His purpose, for He can call forth from all sides the agents He chooses.
who is like me?--(Ex 15:11).
who will appoint me the time?--namely, for entering into a trial in judgment with Me (see Margin). Image from law courts (Job 9:19).
shepherd--leader of the Idumeans; following up the previous image, "a lion"; no Idumean shepherd shall withstand the lion sent by Jehovah (Job 41:10), or save the Idumean flock.
Jérémie 49:20
20. least of the flock--the weakest and humblest of the Chaldean host. Compare Jr 6:3, where the hostile leaders and their hosts are called "shepherds and their flocks."
draw ... out--"shall drag them away captive" [Grotius]; shall drag them to and fro, as a lion (Jr 49:19) does feeble sheep [Maurer].
with them--that is, the habitation which they possess.
Jérémie 49:21
21. was heard in--that is, shall be heard at.
Red Sea--a considerable distance from Idumea; though the district at the Elantic bay of the Red Sea originally belonged to Idumea, and the sea itself was called from Edom, that is, "red" (Ge 25:30, Margin). Others translate, "the weedy sea" (Margin), and derive the name, "Red Sea," from its red weeds; the former view is preferable.
Jérémie 49:22
Jérémie 49:23
23. Prophecy as to Damascus, &c. (Is 17:1; 10:9). The kingdom of Damascus was destroyed by Assyria, but the city revived, and it is as to the latter Jeremiah now prophesies. The fulfilment was probably about five years after the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar [Josephus, Antiquities, 10.9,7].
Hamath is confounded--at the tidings of the overthrow of the neighboring Damascus.
on the sea--that is, at the sea; the dwellers there are alarmed. Other manuscripts read, "like the sea." "There is anxiety (restless) as is the sea: they cannot quiet it," that is, it cannot be quieted (Is 57:20).
it--Whatever dwellers are there "cannot be quiet."
Jérémie 49:25
25. city of praise--The prophet, in the person of a citizen of Damascus deploring its calamity, calls it "the city of praise," that is, celebrated with praises everywhere for its beauty (Jr 33:9; 51:41). "How is it possible that such a city has not been left whole--has not been spared by the foe?" Compare left, Lu 17:35, 36. So Israel "left" standing some of the Canaanite cities (Jos 11:13).
of my joy--that is, in which I delighted.
Jérémie 49:26
26. Therefore--that is, Since Damascus is doomed to fall, therefore, &c.
Jérémie 49:27
Jérémie 49:28
28. Kedar--son of Ishmael (Ge 25:13). The Kedarenes led a wandering predatory life in Arabia-Petræa, as the Bedouin Arabs (2Ch 21:16, 17; Psa 120:5). Kedar means "blackness" (So 1:5).
Hazor--not the city in Palestine, but a district in Arabia-Petræa. "Kingdoms" refer to the several combinations of clans, each under its own sheik.
men of the east--Kedar and Hazor were east of Judea (Jud 6:3; Job 1:3).
Jérémie 49:29
Jérémie 49:30
30. (See on Jr 49:8). No conqueror would venture to follow them into the desert.
Jérémie 49:31
31. wealthy--rather, "tranquil" (1Ch 4:40).
neither gates nor bars--The Arabs, lying out of the track of the contending powers of Asia and Africa, took no measures of defense and had neither walled cities nor gates (Eze 38:11). They thought their scanty resources and wilderness position would tempt no foe.
alone--separated from other nations, without allies; and from one another scattered asunder. So as to Israel's isolation (Nu 23:9; De 33:28; Mi 7:14).
Jérémie 49:32
32. camels--their chief possessions; not fields or vineyards.
in utmost ... corners--who seemed least likely to be dispersed. Or else, "having the hair shaven (or clipped) in angles" (Jr 9:26; 25:23) [Grotius].
calamity from all sides--which will force even those in "corners" to "scatter" themselves.
Jérémie 49:33
33. (Mal 1:3).
Jérémie 49:34
34. Elam--part of Susiana, west of Persia proper, but used to designate Persia in general. Elam proper, or Elymais, nearer Judea than Persia, is probably here meant; it had helped Nebuchadnezzar against Judea; hence its punishment. It may have been idolatrous, whereas Persia proper was mainly monotheistic.
Jérémie 49:35
35. bow--Elam was famed for its bowmen (Is 22:6).
chief of their might--in opposition to "bow," that is, bowmen, who constituted their main strength.
Jérémie 49:36
36. four winds, &c.--Nebuchadnezzar's army containing soldiers from the four quarters.
Jérémie 49:37
37. consumed--as a distinct nation (Da 8:2-27). Fulfilled under Alexander and his successors.
Jérémie 49:38
38. I will show Myself King by My judgments there, as though My tribunal were erected there. The throne of Cyrus, God's instrument, set up over Media, of which Elam was a part, may be meant [Grotius]; or rather, that of Nebuchadnezzar (Jr 43:10). Then the restoration of Elam (Jr 49:39) will refer partly to that which took place on the reduction of Babylon by Cyrus, prince of Persia and Media.
Jérémie 49:39
39. latter days--The full restoration belongs to gospel times. Elamites were among the first who heard and accepted it (Ac 2:9).
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