Osée 13
Louis Segond 1910 (LSG) · Français
1 Lorsqu’Éphraïm parlait, c’était une terreur : Il s’élevait en Israël. Mais il s’est rendu coupable par Baal, et il est mort. 2 Maintenant ils continuent à pécher, Ils se font avec leur argent des images en fonte, Des idoles de leur invention ; Toutes sont l’œuvre des artisans. On dit à leur sujet : Que ceux qui sacrifient baisent les veaux ! 3 C’est pourquoi ils seront comme la nuée du matin, Comme la rosée qui bientôt se dissipe, Comme la balle emportée par le vent hors de l’aire, Comme la fumée qui sort d’une fenêtre. 4 Et moi, je suis l’Éternel, ton Dieu, dès le pays d’Égypte. Tu ne connais d’autre Dieu que moi, Et il n’y a de sauveur que moi. 5 Je t’ai connu dans le désert, Dans une terre aride. 6 Ils se sont rassasiés dans leurs pâturages ; Ils se sont rassasiés, et leur cœur s’est enflé ; C’est pourquoi ils m’ont oublié. 7 Je serai pour eux comme un lion ; Comme une panthère, je les épierai sur la route. 8 Je les attaquerai, comme une ourse à qui l’on a enlevé ses petits, Et je déchirerai l’enveloppe de leur cœur ; Je les dévorerai, comme une lionne ; Les bêtes des champs les mettront en pièces. 9 Ce qui cause ta ruine, Israël, C’est que tu as été contre moi, contre celui qui pouvait te secourir. 10 Où donc est ton roi ? Qu’il te délivre dans toutes tes villes ! Où sont tes juges, au sujet desquels tu disais : Donne-moi un roi et des princes ? 11 Je t’ai donné un roi dans ma colère, Je te l’ôterai dans ma fureur. 12 L’iniquité d’Éphraïm est gardée, Son péché est mis en réserve. 13 Les douleurs de celle qui enfante viendront pour lui ; C’est un enfant peu sage, Qui, au terme voulu, ne sort pas du sein maternel. 14 Je les rachèterai de la puissance du séjour des morts, Je les délivrerai de la mort. Ô mort, où est ta peste ? Séjour des morts, où est ta destruction ? Mais le repentir se dérobe à mes regards ! 15 Éphraïm a beau être fertile au milieu de ses frères, Le vent d’orient viendra, le vent de l’Éternel s’élèvera du désert, Desséchera ses sources, tarira ses fontaines. On pillera le trésor de tous les objets précieux. 16 Samarie sera punie, parce qu’elle s’est révoltée contre son Dieu. Ils tomberont par l’épée ; Leurs petits enfants seront écrasés, Et l’on fendra le ventre de leurs femmes enceintes.
Ce commentaire est en anglais, tel qu’il a été publié. Le texte biblique ci-dessus n’est pas modifié.
Commentaire — pas le texte biblique
Osée 13:1
Ho 13:1-16. Ephraim's Sinful Ingratitude to God, and Its Fatal Consequence; God's Promise at Last.
This chapter and the fourteenth chapter probably belong to the troubled times that followed Pekah's murder by Hoshea (compare Ho 13:11; 2Ki 15:30). The subject is the idolatry of Ephraim, notwithstanding God's past benefits, destined to be his ruin.
1. When Ephraim spake trembling--rather, "When Ephraim (the tribe most powerful among the twelve in Israel's early history) spake (authoritatively) there was trembling"; all reverentially feared him [Jerome], (compare Job 29:8, 9, 21).
offended in Baal--that is, in respect to Baal, by worshipping him (1Ki 16:31), under Ahab; a more heinous offense than even the calves. Therefore it is at this climax of guilt that Ephraim "died." Sin has, in the sight of God, within itself the germ of death, though that death may not visibly take effect till long after. Compare Ro 7:9, "Sin revived, and I died." So Adam in the day of his sin was to die, though the sentence was not visibly executed till long after (Ge 2:17; 5:5). Israel is similarly represented as politically dead in Eze 37:1-28.
Osée 13:2
2. according to their own understanding--that is, their arbitrary devising. Compare "will-worship," Col 2:23. Men are not to be "wise above that which is written," or to follow their own understanding, but God's command in worship.
kiss the calves--an act of adoration to the golden calves (compare 1Ki 19:18; Job 31:27; Psa 2:12).
Osée 13:3
3. they shall be as the morning cloud ... dew--(Ho 6:4). As their "goodness" soon vanished like the morning cloud and dew, so they shall perish like them.
the floor--the threshing-floor, generally an open area, on a height, exposed to the winds.
chimney--generally in the East an orifice in the wall, at once admitting the light, and giving egress to the smoke.
Osée 13:4
Osée 13:5
Osée 13:6
6. Image from cattle, waxing wanton in abundant pasture (compare Ho 2:5, 8; De 32:13-15). In proportion as I fed them to the full, they were so satiated that "their heart was exalted"; a sad contrast to the time when, by God's blessing, Ephraim truly "exalted himself in Israel" (Ho 13:1).
therefore have they forgotten me--the very reason why men should remember God (namely, prosperity, which comes from Him) is the cause often of their forgetting Him. God had warned them of this danger (De 6:11, 12).
Osée 13:7
leopard--The Hebrew comes from a root meaning "spotted" (compare Jr 13:23). Leopards lurk in thickets and thence spring on their victims.
observe--that is, lie in wait for them. Several manuscripts, the Septuagint, Vulgate, Syriac, and Arabic read, by a slight change of the Hebrew vowel pointing, "by the way of Assyria," a region abounding in leopards and lions. English Version is better.
Osée 13:8
8. "Writers on the natures of beasts say that none is more savage than a she bear, when bereaved of her whelps" [Jerome].
caul of ... heart--the membrane enclosing it: the pericardium.
there--"by the way" (Ho 13:7).
Osée 13:9
Osée 13:10
10. I will be thy king; where--rather, as the Margin and the Septuagint, Syriac, Vulgate, "Where now is thy king?" [Maurer]. English Version is, however, favored both by the Hebrew, by the antithesis between Israel's self-chosen and perishing kings, and God, Israel's abiding King (compare Ho 3:4, 5).
where ... Give me a king--Where now is the king whom ye substituted in My stead? Neither Saul, whom the whole nation begged for, not contented with Me their true king (1Sa 8:5, 7, 19, 20; 10:19), nor Jeroboam, whom subsequently the ten tribes chose instead of the line of David My anointed, can save thee now. They had expected from their kings what is the prerogative of God alone, namely, the power of saving them.
judges--including all civil authorities under the king (compare Am 2:3).
Osée 13:11
Osée 13:12
12. bound up ... hid--Treasures, meant to be kept, are bound up and hidden; that is, do not flatter yourselves, because of the delay, that I have forgotten your sin. Nay (Ho 9:9), Ephraim's iniquity is kept as it were safely sealed up, until the due time comes for bringing it forth for punishment (De 32:34; Job 14:17; 21:19; compare Ro 2:5). Opposed to "blotting out the handwriting against" the sinner (Col 2:14).
Osée 13:13
13. sorrows of a travailing woman--calamities sudden and agonizing (Jr 30:6).
unwise--in not foreseeing the impending judgment, and averting it by penitence (Pr 22:3).
he should not stay long in the place of the breaking forth of children--When Israel might deliver himself from calamity by the pangs of penitence, he brings ruin on himself by so long deferring a new birth unto repentance, like a child whose mother has not strength to bring it forth, and which therefore remains so long in the passage from the womb as to run the risk of death (2Ki 19:3; Is 37:3; 66:9).
Osée 13:14
14. Applying primarily to God's restoration of Israel from Assyria partially, and, in times yet future, fully from all the lands of their present long-continued dispersion, and political death (compare Ho 6:2; Is 25:8; 26:19; Eze 37:12). God's power and grace are magnified in quickening what to the eye of flesh seems dead and hopeless (Ro 4:17, 19). As Israel's history, past and future, has a representative character in relation to the Church, this verse is expressed in language alluding to Messiah's (who is the ideal Israel) grand victory over the grave and death, the first-fruits of His own resurrection, the full harvest to come at the general resurrection; hence the similarity between this verse and Paul's language as to the latter (1Co 15:55). That similarity becomes more obvious by translating as the Septuagint, from which Paul plainly quotes; and as the same Hebrew word is translated in Ho 13:10, "O death, where are thy plagues (paraphrased by the Septuagint, 'thy victory')? O grave, where is thy destruction (rendered by the Septuagint, 'thy sting')?" The question is that of one triumphing over a foe, once a cruel tyrant, but now robbed of all power to hurt.
repentance shall be hid from mine eyes--that is, I will not change My purpose of fulfilling My promise by delivering Israel, on the condition of their return to Me (compare Ho 14:2-8; Nu 23:19; Ro 11:29).
Osée 13:15
15. fruitful--referring to the meaning of "Ephraim," from a Hebrew root, "to be fruitful" (Ge 41:52). It was long the most numerous and flourishing of the tribes (Ge 48:19).
wind of the Lord--that is, sent by the Lord (compare Is 40:7), who has His instruments of punishment always ready. The Assyrian, Shalmaneser, &c., is meant (Jr 4:11; 18:17; Eze 19:12).
from the wilderness--that is, the desert part of Syria (1Ki 19:15), the route from Assyria into Israel.
he--the Assyrian invader. Shalmaneser began the siege of Samaria in 723 B.C. Its close was in 721 B.C., the first year of Sargon, who seems to have usurped the throne of Assyria while Shalmaneser was at the siege of Samaria. Hence, while 2Ki 17:6 states, "the king of Assyria took Samaria," 2Ki 18:10 says, "at the end of three years they took it." In Sargon's magnificent palace at Khorsabad, inscriptions mention the number--27,280--of Israelites carried captive from Samaria and other places of Israel by the founder of the palace [G. V. Smith].
Osée 13:16
Astuce : touchez un numéro de verset pour voir le commentaire de ce verset.