Levítico 14
Reina Valera 1909 (RV1909) · Español
1 Y HABLÓ Jehová á Moisés, diciendo: 2 Esta será la ley del leproso cuando se limpiare: Será traído al sacerdote: 3 Y el sacerdote saldrá fuera del real; y mirará el sacerdote, y viendo que está sana la plaga de la lepra del leproso, 4 El sacerdote mandará luego que se tomen para el que se purifica dos avecillas vivas, limpias, y palo de cedro, y grana, é hisopo; 5 Y mandará el sacerdote matar la una avecilla en un vaso de barro sobre aguas vivas; 6 Después tomará la avecilla viva, y el palo de cedro, y la grana, y el hisopo, y lo mojará con la avecilla viva en la sangre de la avecilla muerta sobre las aguas vivas: 7 Y rociará siete veces sobre el que se purifica de la lepra, y le dará por limpio; y soltará la avecilla viva sobre la haz del campo. 8 Y el que se purifica lavará sus vestidos, y raerá todos sus pelos, y se ha de lavar con agua, y será limpio: y después entrará en el real, y morará fuera de su tienda siete días. 9 Y será, que al séptimo día raerá todos sus pelos, su cabeza, y su barba, y las cejas de sus ojos; finalmente, raerá todo su pelo, y lavará sus vestidos, y lavará su carne en aguas, y será limpio. 10 Y el día octavo tomará dos corderos sin defecto, y una cordera de un año sin tacha; y tres décimas de flor de harina para presente, amasada con aceite, y un log de aceite. 11 Y el sacerdote que le purifica presentará con aquellas cosas al que se ha de limpiar delante de Jehová, á la puerta del tabernáculo del testimonio: 12 Y tomará el sacerdote el un cordero, y ofrecerálo por la culpa, con el log de aceite, y lo mecerá como ofrenda agitada delante de Jehová: 13 Y degollará el cordero en el lugar donde degüellan la víctima por el pecado y el holocausto, en el lugar del santuario: porque como la víctima por el pecado, así también la víctima por la culpa es del sacerdote: es cosa muy sagrada. 14 Y tomará el sacerdote de la sangre de la víctima por la culpa, y pondrá el sacerdote sobre la ternilla de la oreja derecha del que se purifica, y sobre el pulgar de su mano derecha, y sobre el pulgar de su pie derecho. 15 Asimismo tomará el sacerdote del log de aceite, y echará sobre la palma de su mano izquierda: 16 Y mojará su dedo derecho en el aceite que tiene en su mano izquierda, y esparcirá del aceite con su dedo siete veces delante de Jehová: 17 Y de lo que quedare del aceite que tiene en su mano, pondrá el sacerdote sobre la ternilla de la oreja derecha del que se purifica, y sobre el pulgar de su mano derecha, y sobre el pulgar de su pie derecho, sobre la sangre de la expiación por la culpa: 18 Y lo que quedare del aceite que tiene en su mano, pondrá sobre la cabeza del que se purifica: y hará el sacerdote expiación por él delante de Jehová. 19 Ofrecerá luego el sacerdote el sacrificio por el pecado, y hará expiación por el que se ha de purificar de su inmundicia, y después degollará el holocausto: 20 Y hará subir el sacerdote el holocausto y el presente sobre el altar. Así hará el sacerdote expiación por él, y será limpio. 21 Mas si fuere pobre, que no alcanzare su mano á tanto, entonces tomará un cordero para ser ofrecido como ofrenda agitada por la culpa, para reconciliarse, y una décima de flor de harina amasada con aceite para presente, y un log de aceite; 22 Y dos tórtolas, ó dos palominos, lo que alcanzare su mano: y el uno será para expiación por el pecado, y el otro para holocausto; 23 Las cuales cosas traerá al octavo día de su purificación al sacerdote, á la puerta del tabernáculo del testimonio delante de Jehová. 24 Y el sacerdote tomará el cordero de la expiación por la culpa, y el log de aceite, y mecerálo el sacerdote como ofrenda agitada delante de Jehová; 25 Luego degollará el cordero de la culpa, y tomará el sacerdote de la sangre de la culpa, y pondrá sobre la ternilla de la oreja derecha del que se purifica, y sobre el pulgar de su mano derecha, y sobre el pulgar de su pie derecho. 26 Y el sacerdote echará del aceite sobre la palma de su mano izquierda; 27 Y con su dedo derecho rociará el sacerdote del aceite que tiene en su mano izquierda, siete veces delante de Jehová. 28 También pondrá el sacerdote del aceite que tiene en su mano sobre la ternilla de la oreja derecha del que se purifica, y sobre el pulgar de su mano derecha, y sobre el pulgar de su pie derecho, en el lugar de la sangre de la culpa. 29 Y lo que sobrare del aceite que el sacerdote tiene en su mano, pondrálo sobre la cabeza del que se purifica, para reconciliarlo delante de Jehová. 30 Asimismo ofrecerá la una de las tórtolas, ó de los palominos, lo que alcanzare su mano: 31 El uno de lo que alcanzare su mano, en expiación por el pecado, y el otro en holocausto, además del presente: y hará el sacerdote expiación por el que se ha de purificar, delante de Jehová. 32 Esta es la ley del que hubiere tenido plaga de lepra, cuya mano no alcanzare lo prescrito para purificarse. 33 Y habló Jehová á Moisés y á Aarón, diciendo: 34 Cuando hubieres entrado en la tierra de Canaán, la cual yo os doy en posesión, y pusiere yo plaga de lepra en alguna casa de la tierra de vuestra posesión, 35 Vendrá aquél cuya fuere la casa, y dará aviso al sacerdote, diciendo: Como plaga ha aparecido en mi casa. 36 Entonces mandará el sacerdote, y despejarán la casa antes que el sacerdote entre á mirar la plaga, porque no sea contaminado todo lo que estuviere en la casa: y después el sacerdote entrará á reconocer la casa: 37 Y mirará la plaga: y si se vieren manchas en las paredes de la casa, cavernillas verdosas ó rojas, las cuales parecieren más hundidas que la pared, 38 El sacerdote saldrá de la casa á la puerta de ella, y cerrará la casa por siete días. 39 Y al séptimo día volverá el sacerdote, y mirará: y si la plaga hubiere crecido en las paredes de la casa, 40 Entonces mandará el sacerdote, y arrancarán las piedras en que estuviere la plaga, y las echarán fuera de la ciudad, en lugar inmundo: 41 Y hará descostrar la casa por dentro alrededor, y derramarán el polvo que descostraren, fuera de la ciudad en lugar inmundo: 42 Y tomarán otras piedras, y las pondrán en lugar de las piedras quitadas; y tomarán otro barro, y encostrarán la casa. 43 Y si la plaga volviere á reverdecer en aquella casa, después que hizo arrancar las piedras, y descostrar la casa, y después que fué encostrada, 44 Entonces el sacerdote entrará y mirará; y si pareciere haberse extendido la plaga en la casa, lepra roedora está en la casa: inmunda es. 45 Derribará, por tanto, la tal casa, sus piedras, y sus maderos, y toda la mezcla de la casa; y lo sacará fuera de la ciudad á lugar inmundo. 46 Y cualquiera que entrare en aquella casa todos los días que la mandó cerrar, será inmundo hasta la tarde. 47 Y el que durmiere en aquella casa, lavará sus vestidos; también el que comiere en la casa, lavará sus vestidos. 48 Mas si entrare el sacerdote y mirare, y viere que la plaga no se ha extendido en la casa después que fué encostrada, el sacerdote dará la casa por limpia, porque la plaga ha sanado. 49 Entonces tomará para limpiar la casa dos avecillas, y palo de cedro, y grana, é hisopo: 50 Y degollará la una avecilla en una vasija de barro sobre aguas vivas: 51 Y tomará el palo de cedro, y el hisopo, y la grana, y la avecilla viva, y mojarálo en la sangre de la avecilla muerta y en las aguas vivas, y rociará la casa siete veces: 52 Y purificará la casa con la sangre de la avecilla, y con las aguas vivas, y con la avecilla viva, y el palo de cedro, y el hisopo, y la grana: 53 Luego soltará la avecilla viva fuera de la ciudad sobre la haz del campo: así hará expiación por la casa, y será limpia. 54 Esta es la ley acerca de toda plaga de lepra, y de tiña; 55 Y de la lepra del vestido, y de la casa; 56 Y acerca de la hinchazón, y de la postilla, y de la mancha blanca: 57 Para enseñar cuándo es inmundo, y cuándo limpio. Aquesta es la ley tocante á la lepra.
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Levítico 14:2-3
Le 14:1-57. The Rites and Sacrifices in Cleansing of the Leper.
2-3. law of the leper in the day of his cleansing--Though quite convalescent, a leper was not allowed to return to society immediately and at his own will. The malignant character of his disease rendered the greatest precautions necessary to his re-admission among the people. One of the priests most skilled in the diagnostics of disease [Grotius], being deputed to attend such outcasts, the restored leper appeared before this official, and when after examination a certificate of health was given, the ceremonies here described were forthwith observed outside the camp.
Levítico 14:4
4. two birds--literally, "sparrows." The Septuagint, however, renders the expression "little birds"; and it is evident that it is to be taken in this generic sense from their being specified as "clean"--a condition which would have been altogether superfluous to mention in reference to sparrows. In all the offerings prescribed in the law, Moses ordered only common and accessible birds; and hence we may presume that he points here to such birds as sparrows or pigeons, as in the desert it might have been very difficult to procure wild birds alive.
cedar-wood, and scarlet, and hyssop--The cedar here meant was certainly not the famous tree of Lebanon, and it is generally supposed to have been the juniper, as several varieties of that shrub are found growing abundantly in the clefts and crevices of the Sinaitic mountains. A stick of this shrub was bound to a bunch of hyssop by a scarlet ribbon, and the living bird was to be so attached to it, that when they dipped the branches in the water, the tail of the bird might also be moistened, but not the head nor the wings, that it might not be impeded in its flight when let loose.
Levítico 14:5-9
5-9. the priest shall command that one of the birds be killed ... over running water--As the blood of a single bird would not have been sufficient to immerse the body of another bird, it was mingled with spring water to increase the quantity necessary for the appointed sprinklings, which were to be repeated seven times, denoting a complete purification. (See 2Ki 5:10; Psa 51:2; Mt 8:4; Lu 5:14). The living bird being then set free, in token of the leper's release from quarantine, the priest pronounced him clean; and this official declaration was made with all solemnity, in order that the mind of the leper might be duly impressed with a sense of the divine goodness, and that others might be satisfied they might safely hold intercourse with him. Several other purifications had to be gone through during a series of seven days, and the whole process had to be repeated on the seventh, ere he was allowed to re-enter the camp. The circumstance of a priest being employed seems to imply that instruction suitable to the newly recovered leper would be given, and that the symbolical ceremonies used in the process of cleansing leprosy would be explained. How far they were then understood we cannot tell. But we can trace some instructive analogies between the leprosy and the disease of sin, and between the rites observed in the process of cleansing leprosy and the provisions of the Gospel. The chief of these analogies is that as it was only when a leper exhibited a certain change of state that orders were given by the priest for a sacrifice, so a sinner must be in the exercise of faith and penitence ere the benefits of the gospel remedy can be enjoyed by him. The slain bird and the bird let loose are supposed to typify, the one the death, and the other the resurrection of Christ; while the sprinklings on him that had been leprous typified the requirements which led a believer to cleanse himself from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit, and to perfect his holiness in the fear of the Lord.
Levítico 14:10-20
10-20. on the eighth day he shall take two he lambs without blemish, and one ewe-lamb of the first year without blemish--The purification of the leper was not completed till at the end of seven days, after the ceremonial of the birds [Le 14:4-7] and during which, though permitted to come into the camp, he had to tarry abroad out of his tent [Le 14:8], from which he came daily to appear at the door of the tabernacle with the offerings required. He was presented before the Lord by the priest that made him clean. And hence it has always been reckoned among pious people the first duty of a patient newly restored from a long and dangerous sickness to repair to the church to offer his thanksgiving, where his body and soul, in order to be an acceptable offering, must be presented by our great Priest, whose blood alone makes any clean. The offering was to consist of two lambs, the one was to be a sin offering, and an ephah of fine flour (two pints equals one-tenth), and one log (half pint) of oil (Le 2:1). One of the lambs was for a trespass offering, which was necessary from the inherent sin of his nature or from his defilement of the camp by his leprosy previous to his expulsion; and it is remarkable that the blood of the trespass offering was applied exactly in the same particular manner to the extremities of the restored leper, as that of the ram in the consecration of the priests [Le 8:23]. The parts sprinkled with this blood were then anointed with oil--a ceremony which is supposed to have borne this spiritual import: that while the blood was a token of forgiveness, the oil was an emblem of healing--as the blood of Christ justifies, the influence of the Spirit sanctifies. Of the other two lambs the one was to be a sin offering and the other a burnt offering, which had also the character of a thank offering for God's mercy in his restoration. And this was considered to make atonement "for him"; that is, it removed that ceremonial pollution which had excluded him from the enjoyment of religious ordinances, just as the atonement of Christ restores all who are cleansed through faith in His sacrifice to the privileges of the children of God.
Levítico 14:21-32
21-32. if he be poor, and cannot get so much; then he shall take one lamb--a kind and considerate provision for an extension of the privilege to lepers of the poorer class. The blood of their smaller offering was to be applied in the same process of purification and they were as publicly and completely cleansed as those who brought a costlier offering (Ac 10:34).
Levítico 14:34-57
34-48. leprosy in a house--This law was prospective, not to come into operation till the settlement of the Israelites in Canaan. The words, "I put the leprosy," has led many to think that this plague was a judicial infliction from heaven for the sins of the owner; while others do not regard it in this light, it being common in Scripture to represent God as doing that which He only permits in His providence to be done. Assuming it to have been a natural disease, a new difficulty arises as to whether we are to consider that the house had become infected by the contagion of leprous occupiers; or that the leprosy was in the house itself. It is evident that the latter was the true state of the case, from the furniture being removed out of it on the first suspicion of disease on the walls. Some have supposed that the name of leprosy was analogically applied to it by the Hebrews, as we speak of cancer in trees when they exhibit corrosive effects similar to what the disease so named produces on the human body; while others have pronounced it a mural efflorescence or species of mildew on the wall apt to be produced in very damp situations, and which was followed by effects so injurious to health as well as to the stability of a house, particularly in warm countries, as to demand the attention of a legislator. Moses enjoined the priests to follow the same course and during the same period of time for ascertaining the true character of this disease as in human leprosy. If found leprous, the infected parts were to be removed. If afterwards there appeared a risk of the contagion spreading, the house was to be destroyed altogether and the materials removed to a distance. The stones were probably rough, unhewn stones, built up without cement in the manner now frequently used in fences and plastered over, or else laid in mortar. The oldest examples of architecture are of this character. The very same thing has to be done still with houses infected with mural salt. The stones covered with the nitrous incrustation must be removed, and if the infected wall is suffered to remain, it must be plastered all over anew.
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