1 Samuel 18
Reina Valera 1909 (RV1909) · Español
1 Y ASÍ que él hubo acabado de hablar con Saúl, el alma de Jonathán fué ligada con la de David, y amólo Jonathán como á su alma. 2 Y Saúl le tomó aquel día, y no le dejó volver á casa de su padre. 3 E hicieron alianza Jonathán y David, porque él le amaba como á su alma. 4 Y Jonathán se desnudó la ropa que tenía sobre sí, y dióla á David, y otras ropas suyas, hasta su espada, y su arco, y su talabarte. 5 Y salía David á donde quiera que Saúl le enviaba, y portábase prudentemente. Hízolo por tanto Saúl capitán de gente de guerra, y era acepto en los ojos de todo el pueblo, y en los ojos de los criados de Saúl. 6 Y aconteció que como volvían ellos, cuando David tornó de matar al Filisteo, salieron las mujeres de todas las ciudades de Israel cantando, y con danzas, con tamboriles, y con alegrías y sonajas, á recibir al rey Saúl. 7 Y cantaban las mujeres que danzaba, y decían: Saúl hirió sus miles, y David sus diez miles. 8 Y enojóse Saúl en gran manera, y desagradó esta palabra en sus ojos, y dijo: A David dieron diez miles, y á mí miles; no le falta más que el reino. 9 Y desde aquel día Saúl miró de través á David. 10 Otro día aconteció que el espíritu malo de parte de Dios tomó á Saúl, y mostrábase en su casa con trasportes de profeta: y David tañía con su mano como los otros días; y estaba una lanza á mano de Saúl. 11 Y arrojó Saúl la lanza, diciendo: Enclavaré á David en la pared. Y dos veces se apartó de él David. 12 Mas Saúl se temía de David, por cuanto Jehová era con él, y se había apartado de Saúl. 13 Apartólo pues Saúl de sí, é hízole capitán de mil; y salía y entraba delante del pueblo. 14 Y David se conducía prudentemente en todos sus negocios, y Jehová era con él. 15 Y viendo Saúl que se portaba tan prudentemente, temíase de él. 16 Mas todo Israel y Judá amaba á David, porque él salía y entraba delante de ellos. 17 Y dijo Saúl á David: He aquí yo te daré á Merab mi hija mayor por mujer: solamente que me seas hombre valiente, y hagas las guerras de Jehová. Mas Saúl decía: No será mi mano contra él, mas la mano de los Filisteos será contra él. 18 Y David respondió á Saúl: ¿Quién soy yo, ó qué es mi vida, ó la familia de mi padre en Israel, para ser yerno del rey? 19 Y venido el tiempo en que Merab, hija de Saúl, se había de dar á David, fué dada por mujer á Adriel Meholatita. 20 Mas Michâl la otra hija de Saúl amaba á David; y fué dicho á Saúl, lo cual plugo en sus ojos. 21 Y Saúl dijo: Yo se la daré, para que le sea por lazo, y para que la mano de los Filisteos sea contra él. Dijo pues Saúl á David: Con la otra serás mi yerno hoy. 22 Y mandó Saúl á sus criados: Hablad en secreto á David, diciéndole: He aquí, el rey te ama, y todos sus criados te quieren bien; sé pues yerno del rey. 23 Y los criados de Saúl hablaron estas palabras á los oídos de David. Y David dijo: ¿Paréceos á vosotros que es poco ser yerno del rey, siendo yo un hombre pobre y de ninguna estima? 24 Y los criados de Saúl le dieron la respuesta diciendo: Tales palabras ha dicho David. 25 Y Saúl dijo: Decid así á David: No está el contentamiento del rey en el dote, sino en cien prepucios de Filisteos, para que sea tomada venganza de los enemigos del rey. Mas Saúl pensaba echar á David en manos de los Filisteos. 26 Y como sus criados declararon á David estas palabras, plugo la cosa en los ojos de David, para ser yerno del rey. Y como el plazo no era aún cumplido, 27 Levantóse David, y partióse con su gente, é hirió doscientos hombres de los Filisteos; y trajo David los prepucios de ellos, y entregáronlos todos al rey, para que él fuese hecho yerno del rey. Y Saúl le dió á su hija Michâl por mujer. 28 Pero Saúl, viendo y considerando que Jehová era con David, y que su hija Michâl lo amaba, 29 Temióse más de David; y fué Saúl enemigo de David todos los días. 30 Y salían los príncipes de los Filisteos; y como ellos salían, portábase David más prudentemente que todos los siervos de Saúl: y era su nombre muy ilustre.
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1 Samuel 18:1
1Sa 18:1-4. Jonathan Loves David.
1. the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David--They were nearly of an age. The prince had taken little interest in David as a minstrel; but his heroism and modest, manly bearing, his piety and high endowments, kindled the flame not of admiration only, but of affection, in the congenial mind of Jonathan.
1 Samuel 18:2
2. Saul would let him go no more home--He was established as a permanent resident at court.
1 Samuel 18:3
3. Then Jonathan and David made a covenant--Such covenants of brotherhood are frequent in the East. They are ratified by certain ceremonies, and in presence of witnesses, that the persons covenanting will be sworn brothers for life.
1 Samuel 18:4
4. Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David--To receive any part of the dress which had been worn by a sovereign, or his eldest son and heir, is deemed, in the East, the highest honor which can be conferred on a subject (see on Es 6:8). The girdle, being connected with the sword and the bow, may be considered as being part of the military dress, and great value is attached to it in the East.
1Sa 18:5-9. Saul Envies His Praise.
1 Samuel 18:6
6. the women came out of all cities of Israel--in the homeward march from the pursuit of the Philistines. This is a characteristic trait of Oriental manners. On the return of friends long absent, and particularly on the return of a victorious army, bands of women and children issue from the towns and villages, to form a triumphal procession, to celebrate the victory, and, as they go along, to gratify the soldiers with dancing, instrumental music, and extempore songs, in honor of the generals who have earned the highest distinction by feats of gallantry. The Hebrew women, therefore, were merely paying the customary gratulations to David as the deliverer of their country, but they committed a great indiscretion by praising a subject at the expense of their sovereign.
1 Samuel 18:9
9. Saul eyed David--that is, invidiously, with secret and malignant hatred.
1Sa 18:10-12. Seeks to Kill Him.
1 Samuel 18:10
10. on the morrow, that the evil spirit from God came upon Saul--This rankling thought brought on a sudden paroxysm of his mental malady.
he prophesied--The term denotes one under the influence either of a good or a bad spirit. In the present it is used to express that Saul was in a frenzy. David, perceiving the symptoms, hastened, by the soothing strains of his harp, to allay the stormy agitation of the royal mind. But before its mollifying influence could be felt, Saul hurled a javelin at the head of the young musician.
there was a javelin in Saul's hand--Had it been followed by a fatal result, the deed would have been considered the act of an irresponsible maniac. It was repeated more than once ineffectually, and Saul became impressed with a dread of David as under the special protection of Providence.
1Sa 18:13-16. Fears Him for His Good Success.
1 Samuel 18:13
13. Therefore Saul removed him from him--sent him away from the court, where the principal persons, including his own son, were spellbound with admiration of the young and pious warrior.
made him captain over a thousand--gave him a military commission, which was intended to be an honorable exile. But this post of duty served only to draw out before the public the extraordinary and varied qualities of his character, and to give him a stronger hold of the people's affections.
1Sa 18:17-21. He Offers Him His Daughter for a Snare.
1 Samuel 18:17
17. Saul said to David, Behold my elder daughter Merab, her will I give thee to wife--Though bound to this already [1Sa 17:25], he had found it convenient to forget his former promise. He now holds it out as a new offer, which would tempt David to give additional proofs of his valor. But the fickle and perfidious monarch broke his pledge at the time when the marriage was on the eve of being celebrated, and bestowed Merab on another man (see on 2Sa 21:8); an indignity as well as a wrong, which was calculated deeply to wound the feelings and provoke the resentment of David. Perhaps it was intended to do so, that advantage might be taken of his indiscretion. But David was preserved from this snare.
1 Samuel 18:20
20. Michal Saul's daughter loved David--This must have happened some time after.
they told Saul, and the thing pleased him--Not from any favor to David, but he saw that it would be turned to the advancement of his malicious purposes, and the more so when, by the artful intrigues and flattery of his spies, the loyal sentiments of David were discovered.
1 Samuel 18:25
25. The king desireth not any dowry--In Eastern countries the husband purchases his wife either by gifts or services. As neither David nor his family were in circumstances to give a suitable dowry for a princess, the king intimated that he would be graciously pleased to accept some gallant deed in the public service.
a hundred foreskins of the Philistines--Such mutilations on the bodies of their slain enemies were commonly practised in ancient war, and the number told indicated the glory of the victory. Saul's willingness to accept a public service had an air of liberality, while his choice of so difficult and hazardous a service seemed only putting a proper value on gaining the hand of a king's daughter. But he covered unprincipled malice against David under this proposal, which exhibited a zeal for God and the covenant of circumcision.
1 Samuel 18:26
26. the days were not expired--The period within which this exploit was to be achieved was not exhausted.
1 Samuel 18:27
27. David ... slew of the Philistines two hundred men--The number was doubled, partly to show his respect and attachment to the princess, and partly to oblige Saul to the fulfilment of his pledge.
1 Samuel 18:29
29. Saul was yet the more afraid of David--because Providence had visibly favored him, by not only defeating the conspiracy against his life, but through his royal alliance paving his way to the throne.
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