1 Reyes 11
Reina Valera 1909 (RV1909) · Español
1 EMPERO el rey Salomón amó, á más de la hija de Faraón, muchas mujeres extranjeras: á las de Moab, á las de Ammón, á las de Idumea, á las de Sidón, y á las Hetheas; 2 Gentes de las cuales Jehová había dicho á los hijos de Israel: No entraréis á ellas, ni ellas entrarán á vosotros; porque ciertamente harán inclinar vuestros corazones tras sus dioses. A éstas pues se juntó Salomón con amor. 3 Y tuvo setecientas mujeres reinas, y trescientas concubinas; y sus mujeres torcieron su corazón. 4 Y ya que Salomón era viejo, sus mujeres inclinaron su corazón tras dioses ajenos; y su corazón no era perfecto con Jehová su Dios, como el corazón de su padre David. 5 Porque Salomón siguió á Astaroth, diosa de los Sidonios, y á Milcom, abominación de los Ammonitas. 6 E hizo Salomón lo malo en los ojos de Jehová, y no fué cumplidamente tras Jehová como David su padre. 7 Entonces edificó Salomón un alto á Chêmos, abominación de Moab, en el monte que está enfrente de Jerusalem; y á Moloch, abominación de los hijos de Ammón. 8 Y así hizo para todas sus mujeres extranjeras, las cuales quemaban perfumes, y sacrificaban á sus dioses. 9 Y enojóse Jehová contra Salomón, por cuanto estaba su corazón desviado de Jehová Dios de Israel, que le había aparecido dos veces, 10 Y le había mandado acerca de esto, que no siguiese dioses ajenos: mas él no guardó lo que le mandó Jehová. 11 Y dijo Jehová á Salomón: Por cuanto ha habido esto en ti, y no has guardado mi pacto y mis estatutos que yo te mandé, romperé el reino de ti, y lo entregaré á tu siervo. 12 Empero no lo haré en tus días, por amor de David tu padre: romperélo de la mano de tu hijo. 13 Sin embargo no romperé todo el reino, sino que daré una tribu á tu hijo, por amor de David mi siervo, y por amor de Jerusalem que yo he elegido. 14 Y Jehová suscitó un adversario á Salomón, á Adad, Idumeo, de la sangre real, el cual estaba en Edom. 15 Porque cuando David estaba en Edom, y subió Joab el general del ejército á enterrar los muertos, y mató á todos los varones de Edom, 16 (Porque seis meses habitó allí Joab, y todo Israel, hasta que hubo acabado á todo el sexo masculino en Edom;) 17 Entonces huyó Adad, y con él algunos varones Idumeos de los siervos de su padre, y fuése á Egipto; era entonces Adad muchacho pequeño. 18 Y levantáronse de Madián, y vinieron á Parán; y tomando consigo hombres de Parán, viniéronse á Egipto, á Faraón rey de Egipto, el cual le dió casa, y le señaló alimentos, y aun le dió tierra. 19 Y halló Adad grande gracia delante de Faraón, el cual le dió por mujer á la hermana de su esposa, á la hermana de la reina Thaphnes. 20 Y la hermana de Thaphnes le parió á su hijo Genubath, al cual destetó Thaphnes dentro de la casa de Faraón; y estaba Genubath en casa de Faraón entre los hijos de Faraón. 21 Y oyendo Adad en Egipto que David había dormido con sus padres, y que era muerto Joab general del ejército, Adad dijo á Faraón: Déjame ir á mi tierra. 22 Y respondióle Faraón: ¿Por qué? ¿qué te falta conmigo, que procuras irte á tu tierra? Y él respondió: Nada; con todo, ruégote que me dejes ir. 23 Despertóle también Dios por adversario á Rezón, hijo de Eliada, el cual había huído de su amo Adad-ezer, rey de Soba. 24 Y había juntado gente contra él, y habíase hecho capitán de una compañía, cuando David deshizo á los de Soba. Después se fueron á Damasco, y habitaron allí, é hiciéronle rey en Damasco. 25 Y fué adversario á Israel todos los días de Salomón; y fué otro mal con el de Adad, porque aborreció á Israel, y reinó sobre la Siria. 26 Asimismo Jeroboam hijo de Nabat, Ephrateo de Sereda, siervo de Salomón, (su madre se llamaba Serva, mujer viuda) alzó su mano contra el rey. 27 Y la causa por qué éste alzó mano contra el rey, fué esta: Salomón edificando á Millo, cerró el portillo de la ciudad de David su padre. 28 Y el varón Jeroboam era valiente y esforzado; y viendo Salomón al mancebo que era hombre activo, encomendóle todo el cargo de la casa de José. 29 Aconteció pues en aquel tiempo, que saliendo Jeroboam de Jerusalem, topóle en el camino el profeta Ahías Silonita; y él estaba cubierto con una capa nueva; y estaban ellos dos solos en el campo. 30 Y trabando Ahías de la capa nueva que tenía sobre sí, rompióla en doce pedazos, 31 Y dijo á Jeroboam: Toma para ti los diez pedazos; porque así dijo Jehová Dios de Israel: He aquí que yo rompo el reino de la mano de Salomón, y á ti daré diez tribus; 32 (Y él tendrá una tribu, por amor de David mi siervo, y por amor de Jerusalem, ciudad que yo he elegido de todas las tribus de Israel:) 33 Por cuanto me han dejado, y han adorado á Astharoth diosa de los Sidonios, y á Chêmos dios de Moab, y á Moloch dios de los hijos de Ammón; y no han andado en mis caminos, para hacer lo recto delante de mis ojos, y mis estatutos, y mis derechos, como hizo David su padre. 34 Empero no quitaré nada de su reino de sus manos, sino que lo retendré por caudillo todos los días de su vida, por amor de David mi siervo, al cual yo elegí, y él guardó mis mandamientos y mis estatutos: 35 Mas yo quitaré el reino de la mano de su hijo, y darélo á ti, las diez tribus. 36 Y á su hijo daré una tribu, para que mi siervo David tenga lámpara todos los días delante de mí en Jerusalem, ciudad que yo me elegí para poner en ella mi nombre. 37 Yo pues te tomaré á ti, y tú reinarás en todas las cosas que deseare tu alma, y serás rey sobre Israel. 38 Y será que, si prestares oído á todas las cosas que te mandare, y anduvieres en mis caminos, é hicieres lo recto delante de mis ojos, guardando mis estatutos y mis mandamientos, como hizo David mi siervo, yo seré contigo, y te edificaré casa firme, como la edifiqué á David, y yo te entregaré á Israel. 39 Y yo afligiré la simiente de David á causa de esto, mas no para siempre. 40 Procuró por tanto Salomón de matar á Jeroboam, pero levantándose Jeroboam, huyó á Egipto, á Sisac rey de Egipto, y estuvo en Egipto hasta la muerte de Salomón. 41 Lo demás de los hechos de Salomón, y todas las cosas que hizo, y su sabiduría, ¿no están escritas en el libro de los hechos de Salomón? 42 Y los días que Salomón reinó en Jerusalem sobre todo Israel, fueron cuarenta años. 43 Y durmió Salomón con sus padres, y fué sepultado en la ciudad de su padre David: y reinó en su lugar Roboam su hijo.
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1 Reyes 11:1-2
1Ki 11:1-8. Solomon's Wives and Concubines in His Old Age.
1-2. But King Solomon loved many strange women--Solomon's extraordinary gift of wisdom was not sufficient to preserve him from falling into grievous and fatal errors. A fairer promise of true greatness, a more beautiful picture of juvenile piety, never was seen than that which he exhibited at the commencement of his reign. No sadder, more humiliating, or awful spectacle can be imagined than the besotted apostasy of his old age; and to him may be applied the words of Paul (Ga 3:3), of John (Re 3:17), and of Isaiah (Is 14:21). A love of the world, a ceaseless round of pleasure, had insensibly corrupted his heart, and produced, for a while at least, a state of mental darkness. The grace of God deserted him; and the son of the pious David--the religiously trained child of Bath-sheba (Pr 31:1-3), and pupil of Nathan, instead of showing the stability of sound principle and mature experience became at last an old and foolish king (Ec 4:13). His fall is traced to his "love of many strange women." Polygamy was tolerated among the ancient Hebrews; and, although in most countries of the East, the generality of men, from convenience and economy, confine themselves to one woman, yet a number of wives is reckoned as an indication of wealth and importance, just as a numerous stud of horses and a grand equipage are among us. The sovereign, of course, wishes to have a more numerous harem than any of his subjects; and the female establishments of many Oriental princes have, both in ancient and modern times, equalled or exceeded that of Solomon's. It is probable, therefore, that, in conformity with Oriental notions, he resorted to it as a piece of state magnificence. But in him it was unpardonable, as it was a direct and outrageous violation of the divine law (De 17:17), and the very result which that statute was ordained to prevent was realized in him. His marriage with the daughter of Pharaoh is not censured either here or elsewhere (see on 1Ki 3:1). It was only his love for many strange women; for women, though in the East considered inferiors, exert often a silent but powerful seductive influence over their husbands in the harem, as elsewhere, and so it was exemplified in Solomon.
1 Reyes 11:3
3. he had seven hundred wives, princesses--They were, probably, according to an existing custom, the daughters of tributary chiefs, given as hostages for good conduct of their fathers.
concubines--were legitimate, but lower or secondary wives. These the chief or first wife regards without the smallest jealousy or regret, as they look up to her with feelings of respectful submission. Solomon's wives became numerous, not all at once, but gradually. Even at an early period his taste for Oriental show seems to have led to the establishment of a considerable harem (So 6:8).
1 Reyes 11:4
4. when Solomon was old--He could not have been more than fifty.
his wives turned away his heart after other gods--Some, considering the lapse of Solomon into idolatry as a thing incredible, regard him as merely humoring his wives in the practice of their superstition; and, in countenancing their respective rites by his presence, as giving only an outward homage--a sensible worship, in which neither his understanding nor his heart was engaged. The apology only makes matters worse, as it implies an adding of hypocrisy and contempt of God to an open breach of His law. There seems no possibility of explaining the language of the sacred historian, but as intimating that Solomon became an actual and open idolater, worshipping images of wood or stone in sight of the very temple which, in early life, he had erected to the true God. Hence that part of Olivet was called the high place of Tophet (Jr 7:30-34), and the hill is still known as the Mount of Offense, of the Mount of Corruption (2Ki 23:13).
1 Reyes 11:5-7
5-7. Ashtoreth--Astarte,
Milcom--Molech,
and Chemosh--He built altars for these three; but, although he is described (1Ki 11:8) as doing the same for "all his strange wives," there is no evidence that they had idols distinct from these; and there is no trace whatever of Egyptian idolatry.
1 Reyes 11:8
8. burnt incense and sacrificed unto their gods--The first was considered a higher act of homage, and is often used as synonymous with worship (2Ki 22:17; 23:5).
1Ki 11:9-13. God Threatens Him.
1 Reyes 11:9-12
9-12. the Lord was angry with Solomon--The divine appearance, first at Gibeon [1Ki 3:5], and then at Jerusalem [1Ki 9:2], after the dedication of the temple, with the warnings given him on both occasions [1Ki 3:11-14; 9:3-9], had left Solomon inexcusable; and it was proper and necessary that on one who had been so signally favored with the gifts of Heaven, but who had grossly abused them, a terrible judgment should fall. The divine sentence was announced to him probably by Ahijah; but there was mercy mingled with judgment, in the circumstance, that it should not be inflicted on Solomon personally--and that a remnant of the kingdom should be spared--"for David's sake, and for Jerusalem's sake, which had been chosen" to put God's name there; not from a partial bias in favor of either, but that the divine promise might stand (2Sa 7:12-16).
1 Reyes 11:13
13. I will give one tribe to thy son--There were left to Rehoboam the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, and Levi (2Ch 11:12, 13); and multitudes of Israelites, who, after the schism of the kingdom, established their residence within the territory of Judah to enjoy the privileges of the true religion (1Ki 12:17). These are all reckoned as one tribe.
1Ki 11:14-40. Solomon's Adversaries.
1 Reyes 11:14-25
14-25. the Lord stirred up an adversary--that is, permitted him, through the impulse of his own ambition, or revenge, to attack Israel. During the war of extermination, which Joab carried on in Edom (2Sa 8:13), this Hadad, of the royal family, a mere boy when rescued from the sword of the ruthless conqueror, was carried into Egypt, hospitably entertained, and became allied with the house of the Egyptian king. In after years, the thought of his native land and his lost kingdom taking possession of his mind, he, on learning the death of David and Joab, renounced the ease, possessions, and glory of his Egyptian residence, to return to Edom and attempt the recovery of his ancestral throne. The movements of this prince seem to have given much annoyance to the Hebrew government; but as he was defeated by the numerous and strong garrisons planted throughout the Edomite territory, Hadad seems to have offered his services to Rezon, another of Solomon's adversaries (1Ki 11:23-25). This man, who had been general of Hadadezer and, on the defeat of that great king, had successfully withdrawn a large force, went into the wilderness, led a predatory life, like Jephthah, David, and others, on the borders of the Syrian and Arabian deserts. Then, having acquired great power, he at length became king in Damascus, threw off the yoke, and was "the adversary of Israel all the days of Solomon." He was succeeded by Hadad, whose successors took the official title of Ben-hadad from him, the illustrious founder of the powerful kingdom of Damascene-Syria. These hostile neighbors, who had been long kept in check by the traditional fame of David's victories, took courage; and breaking out towards the latter end of Solomon's reign, they must have not only disturbed his kingdom by their inroads, but greatly crippled his revenue by stopping his lucrative traffic with Tadmor and the Euphrates.
1 Reyes 11:26-40
26-40. Jeroboam--This was an internal enemy of a still more formidable character. He was a young man of talent and energy, who, having been appointed by Solomon superintendent of the engineering works projected around Jerusalem, had risen into public notice, and on being informed by a very significant act of the prophet Ahijah of the royal destiny which, by divine appointment, awaited him, his mind took a new turn.
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