1 Reyes 1
Reina Valera 1909 (RV1909) · Español
1 COMO el rey David era viejo, y entrado en días, cubríanle de vestidos, mas no se calentaba. 2 Dijéronle por tanto sus siervos: Busquen á mi señor el rey una moza virgen, para que esté delante del rey, y lo abrigue, y duerma á su lado, y calentará á mi señor el rey. 3 Y buscaron una moza hermosa por todo el término de Israel, y hallaron á Abisag Sunamita, y trajéronla al rey. 4 Y la moza era hermosa, la cual calentaba al rey, y le servía: mas el rey nunca la conoció. 5 Entonces Adonía hijo de Haggith se levantó, diciendo: Yo reinaré. E hízose de carros y gente de á caballo, y cincuenta hombres que corriesen delante de él. 6 Y su padre nunca lo entristeció en todos sus días con decirle: ¿Por qué haces así? Y también éste era de hermoso parecer; y habíalo engendrado después de Absalom. 7 Y tenía tratos con Joab hijo de Sarvia, y con Abiathar sacerdote, los cuales ayudaban á Adonía. 8 Mas Sadoc sacerdote, y Benaía hijo de Joiada, y Nathán profeta, y Semei, y Reihi, y todos los grandes de David, no seguían á Adonía. 9 Y matando Adonía ovejas y vacas y animales engordados junto á la peña de Zoheleth, que está cerca de la fuente de Rogel, convidó á todos sus hermanos los hijos del rey, y á todos los varones de Judá, siervos del rey: 10 Mas no convidó á Nathán profeta, ni á Benaía, ni á los grandes, ni á Salomón su hermano. 11 Y habló Nathán á Bath-sheba madre de Salomón, diciendo: ¿No has oído que reina Adonía hijo de Haggith, sin saberlo David nuestro señor? 12 Ven pues ahora, y toma mi consejo, para que guardes tu vida, y la vida de tu hijo Salomón. 13 Ve, y entra al rey David, y dile: Rey señor mío, ¿no has tú jurado á tu sierva, diciendo: Salomón tu hijo reinará después de mí, y él se sentará en mi trono? ¿por qué pues reina Adonía? 14 Y estando tú aún hablando con el rey, yo entraré tras ti, y acabaré tus razones. 15 Entonces Bath-sheba entró al rey á la cámara: y el rey era muy viejo; y Abisag Sunamita servía al rey. 16 Y Bath-sheba se inclinó, é hizo reverencia al rey. Y el rey dijo: ¿Qué tienes? 17 Y ella le respondió: Señor mío, tú juraste á tu sierva por Jehová tu Dios, diciendo: Salomón tu hijo reinará después de mí, y él se sentará en mi trono; 18 Y he aquí ahora Adonía reina: y tú, mi señor rey, ahora no lo supiste. 19 Ha matado bueyes, y animales engordados, y muchas ovejas, y ha convidado á todos los hijos del rey, y á Abiathar sacerdote, y á Joab general del ejército; mas á Salomón tu siervo no ha convidado. 20 Entre tanto, rey señor mío, los ojos de todo Israel están sobre ti, para que les declares quién se ha de sentar en el trono de mi señor el rey después de él. 21 De otra suerte acontecerá, cuando mi señor el rey durmiere con sus padres, que yo y mi hijo Salomón seremos tenidos por culpables. 22 Y estando aún hablando ella con el rey, he aquí Nathán profeta, que vino. 23 Y dieron aviso al rey, diciendo: He aquí Nathán profeta: el cual como entró al rey, postróse delante del rey inclinando su rostro á tierra. 24 Y dijo Nathán: Rey señor mío, ¿has tú dicho: Adonía reinará después de mí, y él se sentará en mi trono? 25 Porque hoy ha descendido, y ha matado bueyes, y animales engordados, y muchas ovejas, y ha convidado á todos los hijos del rey, y á los capitanes del ejército, y también á Abiathar sacerdote; y he aquí, están comiendo y bebiendo delante de él, y han dicho: ¡Viva el rey Adonía! 26 Mas ni á mí tu siervo, ni á Sadoc sacerdote, ni á Benaía hijo de Joiada, ni á Salomón tu siervo, ha convidado. 27 ¿Es este negocio ordenado por mi señor el rey, sin haber declarado á tu siervo quién se había de sentar en el trono de mi señor el rey después de él? 28 Entonces el rey David respondió, y dijo: Llamadme á Bath-sheba. Y ella entró á la presencia del rey, y púsose delante del rey. 29 Y el rey juró, diciendo: Vive Jehová, que ha redimido mi alma de toda angustia, 30 Que como yo te he jurado por Jehová Dios de Israel, diciendo: Tu hijo Salomón reinará después de mí, y él se sentará en mi trono en lugar mío; que así lo haré hoy. 31 Entonces Bath-sheba se inclinó al rey, su rostro á tierra, y haciendo reverencia al rey, dijo: Viva mi señor el rey David para siempre. 32 Y el rey David dijo: Llamadme á Sadoc sacerdote, y á Nathán profeta, y á Benaía hijo de Joiada. Y ellos entraron á la presencia del rey. 33 Y el rey les dijo: Tomad con vosotros los siervos de vuestro señor, y haced subir á Salomón mi hijo en mi mula, y llevadlo á Gihón: 34 Y allí lo ungirán Sadoc sacerdote y Nathán profeta por rey sobre Israel; y tocaréis trompeta, diciendo: ¡Viva el rey Salomón! 35 Después iréis vosotros detrás de él, y vendrá y se sentará en mi trono, y él reinará por mí; porque á él he ordenado para que sea príncipe sobre Israel y sobre Judá. 36 Entonces Benaía hijo de Joiada respondió al rey, y dijo: Amén. Así lo diga Jehová, Dios de mi señor el rey. 37 De la manera que Jehová ha sido con mi señor el rey, así sea con Salomón; y él haga mayor su trono que el trono de mi señor el rey David. 38 Y descendió Sadoc sacerdote, y Nathán profeta, y Benaía hijo de Joiada, y los Ceretheos y los Peletheos, é hicieron subir á Salomón en la mula del rey David, y lleváronlo á Gihón. 39 Y tomando Sadoc sacerdote el cuerno del aceite del tabernáculo, ungió á Salomón: y tocaron trompeta, y dijo todo el pueblo: ¡Viva el rey Salomón! 40 Después subió todo el pueblo en pos de él, y cantaba la gente con flautas, y hacían grandes alegrías, que parecía que la tierra se hundía con el clamor de ellos. 41 Y oyólo Adonía, y todos los convidados que con él estaban, cuando ya habían acabado de comer. Y oyendo Joab el sonido de la trompeta, dijo: ¿Por qué se alborota la ciudad con estruendo? 42 Estando aún él hablando, he aquí Jonathán hijo de Abiathar sacerdote vino, al cual dijo Adonía: Entra, porque tú eres hombre de esfuerzo, y traerás buenas nuevas. 43 Y Jonathán respondió, y dijo á Adonía: Ciertamente nuestro señor el rey David ha hecho rey á Salomón: 44 Y el rey ha enviado con él á Sadoc sacerdote y á Nathán profeta, y á Benaía hijo de Joiada, y también á los Ceretheos y á los Peletheos, los cuales le hicieron subir en la mula del rey; 45 Y Sadoc sacerdote y Nathán profeta lo han ungido en Gihón por rey: y de allá han subido con alegrías, y la ciudad está llena de estruendo. Este es el alboroto que habéis oído. 46 Y también Salomón se ha sentado en el trono del reino. 47 Y aun los siervos del rey han venido á bendecir á nuestro señor el rey David, diciendo: Dios haga bueno el nombre de Salomón más que tu nombre, y haga mayor su trono que el tuyo. Y el rey adoró en la cama. 48 Y también el rey habló así: Bendito sea Jehová Dios de Israel, que ha dado hoy quien se siente en mi trono, viéndolo mis ojos. 49 Ellos entonces se estremecieron, y levantáronse todos los convidados que estaban con Adonía, y fuése cada uno por su camino. 50 Mas Adonía, temiendo de la presencia de Salomón, levantóse y fuése, y cogió los cornijales del altar. 51 Y fué hecho saber á Salomón, diciendo: He aquí que Adonía tiene miedo del rey Salomón: pues ha cogido los cornijales del altar, diciendo: Júreme hoy el rey Salomón que no matará á cuchillo á su siervo. 52 Y Salomón dijo: Si él fuere virtuoso, ni uno de sus cabellos caerá en tierra: mas si se hallare mal en él, morirá. 53 Y envió el rey Salomón, y trajéronlo del altar; y él vino, é inclinóse al rey Salomón. Y Salomón le dijo: Vete á tu casa.
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1 Reyes 1:1-2
THE FIRST BOOK OF THE KINGS, COMMONLY CALLED THE THIRD BOOK OF THE KINGS.
Commentary by Robert Jamieson
1Ki 1:1-4. Abishag Cherishes David in His Extreme Age.
1-2. Now king David was old--He was in the seventieth year of his age (2Sa 5:4, 5). But the wear and tear of a military life, bodily fatigue, and mental care, had prematurely, if we may say it, exhausted the energies of David's strong constitution (1Sa 16:12). In modern Palestine and Egypt the people, owing to the heat of the climate, sleep each in a "separate" bed. They only depart from this practice for medical reasons (Ec 4:11). The expedient recommended by David's physicians is the regimen still prescribed in similar cases in the East, particularly among the Arab population, not simply to give heat, but "to cherish," as they are aware that the inhalation of young breath will give new life and vigor to the worn-out frame. The fact of the health of the young and healthier person being, as it were, stolen to support that of the more aged and sickly is well established among the medical faculty. And hence the prescription for the aged king was made in a hygienic point of view for the prolongation of his valuable life, and not merely for the comfort to be derived from the natural warmth imparted to his withered frame [Porter, Tent and Khan]. The polygamy of the age and country may account for the introduction of this practice; and it is evident that Abishag was made a concubine or secondary wife to David (see on 1Ki 2:22).
1 Reyes 1:3
3. a Shunammite--Shunem, in the tribe of Issachar (Jos 19:18), lay on an eminence in the plain of Esdraelon, five miles south of Tabor. It is now called Sulam.
1Ki 1:5-31. Adonijah Usurps the Kingdom.
1 Reyes 1:5-6
5-6. Then Adonijah the son of Haggith exalted himself--Nothing is said as to the origin or rank of Haggith, so that it is probable she was not distinguished by family descent. Adonijah, though David's fourth son (2Sa 3:4; 1Ch 3:2), was now the oldest alive; and his personal attractions and manners (1Sa 9:2) not only recommended him to the leading men about court, but made him the favorite of his father, who, though seeing him assume an equipage becoming only the heir-presumptive to the throne (2Sa 15:1), said nothing; and his silence was considered by many, as well as by Adonijah, to be equivalent to an expression of consent. The sinking health of the king prompted him to take a decisive step in furtherance of his ambitious designs.
1 Reyes 1:7
7. he conferred with Joab--The anxiety of Adonijah to secure the influence of a leader so bold, enterprising, and popular with the army was natural, and the accession of the hoary commander is easily accounted for from his recent grudge at the king (see on 2Sa 19:13).
and with Abiathar the priest--His influence was as great over the priests and Levites--a powerful body in the kingdom--as that of Joab over the troops. It might be that both of them thought the crown belonged to Adonijah by right of primogeniture, from his mature age and the general expectations of the people (1Ki 2:15).
1 Reyes 1:8
8. But Zadok the priest--He had been high priest in the tabernacle at Gibeon under Saul (1Ch 16:39). David, on his accession, had conjoined him and Abiathar equal in the exercise of their high functions (2Sa 8:17; 15:24, 29, 35). But it is extremely probable that some cause of jealousy or discord between them had arisen, and hence each lent his countenance and support to opposite parties.
Benaiah--Distinguished for his bravery (1Sa 23:20), he had been appointed captain of the king's bodyguard (2Sa 8:18; 20:23; 1Ch 18:17), and was regarded by Joab as a rival.
Nathan the prophet--He was held in high estimation by David, and stood on the most intimate relations with the royal family (2Sa 12:25).
Shimei--probably the person of this name who was afterwards enrolled among Solomon's great officers (1Ki 4:18).
Rei--supposed to be the same as Ira (2Sa 20:26).
and the mighty men--the select band of worthies.
1 Reyes 1:9-10
9-10. En-rogel--situated (Jos 15:7-10) east of Jerusalem, in a level place, just below the junction of the valley of Hinnom with that of Jehoshaphat. It is a very deep well, measuring one hundred twenty-five feet in depth; the water is sweet, but not very cold, and it is at times quite full to overflowing. The Orientals are fond of enjoying festive repasts in the open air at places which command the advantage of shade, water, and verdure; and those fetes champetres are not cold collations, but magnificent entertainments, the animals being killed and dressed on the spot. Adonijah's feast at En-rogel was one of this Oriental description, and it was on a large scale (2Sa 3:4, 5; 5:14-16; 1Ch 14:1-7). At the accession of a new king there were sacrifices offered (1Sa 11:15). But on such an occasion it was no less customary to entertain the grandees of the kingdom and even the populace in a public manner (1Ch 12:23-40). There is the strongest probability that Adonijah's feast was purely political, to court popularity and secure a party to support his claim to the crown.
1 Reyes 1:11-27
11-27. Nathan spake unto Bath-sheba ... let me ... give thee counsel, &c.--The revolt was defeated by this prophet, who, knowing the Lord's will (2Sa 7:12; 1Ch 22:9), felt himself bound, in accordance with his character and office, to take the lead in seeing it executed. Hitherto the succession of the Hebrew monarchy had not been settled. The Lord had reserved to Himself the right of nomination (De 17:15), which was acted upon in the appointments both of Saul and David; and in the case of the latter the rule was so far modified that his posterity were guaranteed the perpetual possession of the sovereignty (2Sa 7:12). This divine purpose was known throughout the kingdom; but no intimation had been made as to whether the right of inheritance was to belong to the oldest son. Adonijah, in common with the people generally, expected that this natural arrangement should be followed in the Hebrew kingdom as in all others. Nathan, who was aware of the old king's solemn promise to Solomon, and, moreover, that this promise was sanctioned by the divine will, saw that no time was to be lost. Fearing the effects of too sudden excitement in the king's feeble state, he arranged that Bath-sheba should go first to inform him of what was being transacted without the walls, and that he himself should follow to confirm her statement. The narrative here not only exhibits the vivid picture of a scene within the interior of a palace, but gives the impression that a great deal of Oriental state ceremonial had been established in the Hebrew court.
1 Reyes 1:28-31
28-31. Then king David answered and said, Call me Bath-sheba--He renews to her the solemn pledge he had given, in terms of solemnity and impressiveness which show that the aged monarch had roused himself to the duty the emergency called for.
1Ki 1:32-49. Solomon, by David's Appointment, Is Anointed King.
1 Reyes 1:33
33. cause Solomon my son to ride upon mine own mule--Directions were forthwith given for the immediate coronation of Solomon. A procession was to be formed by the "servants of their lord"--that is, the king's bodyguard. Mules were then used by all the princes (2Sa 13:29); but there was a state mule of which all subjects were forbidden, under pain of death, to make use, without special permission; so that its being granted to Solomon was a public declaration in his favor as the future king (see on Es 6:8, 9).
bring him down to Gihon--a pool or fountain on the west of Jerusalem (see on 2Ch 32:30), chosen as equally public for the counter proclamation.
1 Reyes 1:34
1 Reyes 1:35
35. Then ye shall come up after him, that he may come and sit upon my throne--The public recognition of the successor to the throne, during the old king's lifetime, is accordant with the customs of the East.
1 Reyes 1:39
39. an horn of oil out of the tabernacle--It was the sacred oil (Ex 30:25) with which the kings were anointed.
1 Reyes 1:40
40. all the people came up after him--that is, from the valley to the citadel of Zion.
1 Reyes 1:41-49
41-49. Adonijah and all the guests that were with him heard it as they had made an end of eating--The loud shouts raised by the populace at the joyous proclamation at Gihon, and echoed by assembled thousands, from Zion to En-rogel, were easily heard at that distance by Adonijah and his confederates. The arrival of a trusty messenger, who gave a full detail of the coronation ceremony [1Ki 1:43-48], spread dismay in their camp. The wicked and ambitious plot they had assembled to execute was dissipated, and every one of the conspirators consulted his safety by flight.
1Ki 1:50-53. Adonijah, Fleeing to the Horns of the Altar, Is Dismissed by Solomon.
1 Reyes 1:50-53
50-53. Adonijah ... went, and caught hold on the horns of the altar--most probably the altar of burnt offering which had been erected on Mount Zion, where Abiathar, one of his partisans, presided as high priest. The horns or projections at the four corners of the altar, to which the sacrifices were bound, and which were tipped with the blood of the victim, were symbols of grace and salvation to the sinner. Hence the altar was regarded as a sanctuary (Ex 21:14), but not to murderers, rebels, or deliberate perpetrators. Adonijah, having acted in opposition to the will of the reigning king, was guilty of rebellion, and stood self-condemned. Solomon spared his life on the express condition of his good behavior--living in strict privacy, leading a quiet, peaceable life, and meddling with the affairs of neither the court nor the kingdom.
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