Jeremías 48
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1 Acerca de Moab, así dice Jehová de los ejércitos, el Dios de Israel: «¡Ay de Nebo, porque ha sido devastada! Quiriataim ha sido avergonzada y conquistada; la fortaleza ha sido avergonzada y destrozada. 2 Ya no hay alabanza para Moab. En Hesbón han tramado su desgracia: “Vengan, acabemos con ella como nación”. También tú, Madmena, serás silenciada; la espada te perseguirá. 3 ¡Se oye un grito desde Horonaim: devastación y gran destrucción! 4 Moab ha sido quebrantado; sus pequeños hacen oír sus gritos. 5 Por la cuesta de Luhit suben llorando sin cesar; en la bajada de Horonaim se oyen gritos angustiosos de destrucción. 6 ¡Huyan, salven sus vidas! Sean como un arbusto en el desierto. 7 Porque confiaste en tus obras y en tus tesoros, tú también serás conquistada. Quemos irá al destierro, junto con sus sacerdotes y sus jefes. 8 El devastador vendrá contra cada ciudad y ninguna escapará. El valle quedará arruinado y la meseta será destruida, tal como ha dicho Jehová. 9 Den alas a Moab para que salga volando, porque sus ciudades quedarán desoladas, sin que nadie viva en ellas. 10 ¡Maldito quien hace con negligencia la obra de Jehová! ¡Maldito quien retiene su espada de la sangre! 11 Moab ha vivido tranquilo desde su juventud; ha reposado sobre sus posos, no ha sido trasvasado de vasija en vasija ni ha ido al destierro. Por eso conserva su sabor y su aroma no ha cambiado. 12 Por eso vienen días —declara Jehová— en que le enviaré trasvasadores que lo trasvasarán; vaciarán sus vasijas y harán pedazos sus cántaros. 13 Moab se avergonzará de Quemos como la casa de Israel se avergonzó de Betel, en quien confiaba. 14 ¿Cómo pueden decir: “Somos guerreros valientes, hombres fuertes para la batalla”? 15 Moab ha sido devastado; el devastador ha subido contra sus ciudades, y sus jóvenes escogidos han bajado a la matanza —declara el Rey, cuyo nombre es Jehová de los ejércitos—. 16 La ruina de Moab está cerca de llegar; su calamidad se apresura mucho. 17 Lamenten por él todos sus vecinos y todos los que conocen su nombre. Digan: “¡Cómo se ha quebrado el cetro poderoso, el bastón glorioso!”. 18 Baja de tu gloria y siéntate en tierra reseca, hija que habitas en Dibón, porque el devastador de Moab ha subido contra ti y ha destruido tus fortalezas. 19 Ponte junto al camino y vigila, habitante de Aroer. Pregunta al que huye y a la que escapa; di: “¿Qué ha sucedido?”. 20 Moab ha sido avergonzado, porque está destrozado. ¡Giman y griten! Anuncien en Arnón que Moab ha sido devastado. 21 El juicio ha llegado a la tierra de la meseta, sobre Holón, Jahaza y Mefaat, 22 sobre Dibón, Nebo y Bet-diblataim, 23 sobre Quiriataim, Bet-gamul y Bet-meón, 24 sobre Queriot, Bosra y todas las ciudades de la tierra de Moab, las lejanas y las cercanas. 25 El cuerno de Moab ha sido cortado y su brazo ha sido quebrado —declara Jehová—. 26 Embriáguenlo, porque se engrandeció contra Jehová. Moab se revolcará en su vómito y también será objeto de burla. 27 ¿No fue Israel motivo de burla para ti? ¿Acaso fue sorprendido entre ladrones, para que cada vez que hablaras de él sacudieras la cabeza? 28 Abandonen las ciudades y habiten entre las rocas, habitantes de Moab. Sean como la paloma que anida en los bordes de la boca de una caverna. 29 Hemos oído del orgullo de Moab, de lo orgulloso que es: su soberbia, su arrogancia, su altivez y la presunción de su corazón. 30 Yo conozco su insolencia —declara Jehová—, pero es vana; sus jactancias no consiguen nada. 31 Por eso gemiré por Moab y clamaré por todo Moab; por los hombres de Kir-hares se gemirá. 32 Lloraré por ti más de lo que se llora por Jazer, vid de Sibma. Tus sarmientos cruzaron el mar, llegaron hasta el mar de Jazer; el devastador ha caído sobre tus frutos de verano y sobre tu vendimia. 33 La alegría y el regocijo han desaparecido del campo fértil y de la tierra de Moab. He hecho que falte el vino en los lagares; nadie pisa las uvas con gritos de alegría. Hay gritos, pero no son gritos de alegría. 34 Sus gritos se oyen desde Hesbón hasta Eleale y Jahaza, desde Zoar hasta Horonaim y Eglat-selisiya, porque también las aguas de Nimrim quedarán desoladas. 35 Haré desaparecer de Moab —declara Jehová— al que ofrece sacrificios en los lugares altos y al que quema incienso a sus dioses. 36 Por eso mi corazón gime por Moab como flautas; mi corazón gime como flautas por los hombres de Kir-hares, porque las riquezas que habían adquirido se han perdido. 37 Toda cabeza está rapada y toda barba afeitada; en todas las manos hay cortaduras y en las cinturas, tela de luto. 38 Sobre todas las azoteas de Moab y en sus plazas, todo es lamentación, porque he hecho pedazos a Moab como una vasija que nadie quiere —declara Jehová—. 39 ¡Cómo ha sido destrozado! ¡Giman! ¡Cómo ha vuelto Moab la espalda, avergonzado! Moab se ha convertido en motivo de burla y de terror para todos sus vecinos. 40 Porque así dice Jehová: Miren, uno se lanza como águila y extiende sus alas sobre Moab. 41 Las ciudades han sido conquistadas y las fortalezas tomadas. Aquel día el corazón de los guerreros de Moab será como el corazón de una mujer con dolores de parto. 42 Moab será destruido y dejará de ser pueblo, porque se engrandeció contra Jehová. 43 Terror, foso y trampa vienen sobre ti, habitante de Moab —declara Jehová—. 44 Quien huya del terror caerá en el foso, y quien salga del foso quedará atrapado en la trampa. Porque traeré sobre Moab el año de su castigo —declara Jehová—. 45 A la sombra de Hesbón se detienen sin fuerzas los fugitivos. Pero de Hesbón ha salido fuego y una llama de en medio de Sehón, que ha devorado las sienes de Moab y la coronilla de los hijos del tumulto. 46 ¡Ay de ti, Moab! Ha perecido el pueblo de Quemos, porque tus hijos han sido llevados cautivos y tus hijas al cautiverio. 47 Pero restauraré el bienestar de Moab al final de los días —declara Jehová—». Hasta aquí el juicio de Moab.
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Jeremías 48:1
Jr 48:1-47. Prophecy against Moab.
It had taken part with the Chaldeans against Judea (2Ki 24:2). Fulfilled by Nebuchadnezzar five years after the destruction of Jerusalem, when also he attacked Egypt (Jr 43:8-13) and Ammon (Jr 49:1-6). [Josephus, Antiquities, 10:9,7]. Jeremiah in this prophecy uses that of Is 15:1-16:14, amplifying and adapting it to his purpose under inspiration, at the same time confirming its divine authority. Isaiah, however, in his prophecy refers to the devastation of Moab by the Assyrian king, Shalmaneser; Jeremiah refers to that by Nebuchadnezzar.
1. Nebo--a mountain and town of Moab; its meaning is "that which fructifies."
Kiriathaim--a city of Moab, consisting of two cities, as the word signifies; originally held by the Emim (Ge 14:5).
Misgab--meaning "elevation." It lay on an elevation.
Jeremías 48:2
2. no more praise--(Is 16:14).
in Heshbon--The foe having taken Heshbon, the chief city of Moab (Jr 48:45), in it devise evil against Moab ("it") saying, Come, &c. Heshbon was midway between the rivers Arnon and Jabbok; it was the residence of Sihon, king of the Amorites, and afterwards a Levitical city in Gad (Nu 21:26). There is a play on words in the Hebrew, "Heshbon, Hashbu." Heshbon means a place of devising or counsel. The city, heretofore called the seat of counsel, shall find other counsellors, namely, those who devise its destruction.
thou shall be cut down ... Madmen--rather, by a play on words on the meaning of madmen ("silence"), Thou shalt be brought to silence, so as well to deserve thy name (Is 15:1). Thou shalt not dare to utter a sound.
Jeremías 48:3
Jeremías 48:4
4. little ones ... cry--heightening the distress of the scene. The foe does not spare even infants.
Jeremías 48:5
5. going up of Luhith ... going down of Horonaim--Horonaim lay in a plain, Luhith on a height. To the latter, therefore, the Moabites would flee with "continual weeping," as a place of safety from the Chaldeans. Literally, "Weeping shall go up upon weeping."
Jeremías 48:6
6. They exhort one another to flee.
heath--or the juniper (see on Jr 17:6). Maurer translates, "Be like one naked in the wilderness." But the sense is, Live in the wilderness like the heath, or juniper; do not "trust in" walls (Jr 48:7) [Grotius]. (Compare Mt 24:16-18).
Jeremías 48:7
7. thy works--namely, fortifications built by thy work. Moab was famous for its fortresses (Jr 48:18). The antithesis is to Jr 48:6, "Be ... in the wilderness," where there are no fortified cities.
thou ... also--like the rest of the surrounding peoples, Judah, &c.
Chemosh--the tutelary god of Moab (Nu 21:29; Jud 11:24; 1Ki 11:7; 2Ki 23:13). When a people were vanquished, their gods also were taken away by the victors (Jr 43:12).
Jeremías 48:8
8. the valley ... shall perish--that is, those dwelling in the valley.
Jeremías 48:9
Jeremías 48:10
10. work of ... Lord--the divinely appointed utter devastation of Moab. To represent how entirely this is God's will, a curse is pronounced on the Chaldeans, the instrument, if they do it negligently (Margin) or by halves (Jud 5:23); compare Saul's sin as to Amalek (1Sa 15:3, 9), and Ahab's as to Syria (1Ki 20:42).
Jeremías 48:11
11. settled on ... lees--(See on Is 25:6; Zep 1:12). As wine left to settle on its own lees retains its flavor and strength (which it would lose by being poured from one vessel into another), so Moab, owing to its never having been dislodged from its settlements, retains its pride of strength unimpaired.
emptied from vessel, &c.--To make it fit for use, it used to be filtered from vessel to vessel.
scent--retaining the image: the bouquet or perfume of the wine.
Jeremías 48:12
12. wanderers--rather, "pourers out," retaining the image of Jr 48:11, that is, the Chaldeans who shall remove Moab from his settlements, as men pour wine from off the lees into other vessels. "His vessels" are the cities of Moab; the broken "bottles" the men slain [Grotius]. The Hebrew and the kindred Arabic word means, "to turn on one side," so as to empty a vessel [Maurer].
Jeremías 48:13
Jeremías 48:15
15. gone up ... gone down--in antithesis.
out of her cities--Rather, "Moab ... and her cities are gone up," namely, pass away in the ascending smoke of their conflagration (Jos 8:20, 21; Jud 20:40). When this took place, the young warriors would go down from the burning citadels only to meet their own slaughter [Grotius]. English Version is somewhat favored by the fact that "gone out" is singular, and "cities" plural. The antithesis favors Grotius.
Jeremías 48:16
16. near--to the prophet's eye, though probably twenty-three years elapsed between the utterance of the prophecy in the fourth year of Jehoiakim (2Ki 24:2) and its fulfilment in the fifth year of Nebuchadnezzar.
Jeremías 48:17
17. bemoan--Not that Moab deserves pity, but this mode of expression pictures more vividly the grievousness of Moab's calamities.
all ye that know his name--those at a greater distance whom the fame of Moab's "name" had reached, as distinguished from those "about him," that is, near.
strong staff ... rod--Moab is so called as striking terror into and oppressing other peoples (Is 9:4; 14:4, 5); also because of its dignity and power (Psa 110:2; Zec 11:7).
Jeremías 48:18
18. (Is 47:1).
dost inhabit--now so securely settled as if in a lasting habitation.
thirst--Dibon, being situated on the Arnon, abounded in water (Is 15:9). In sad contrast with this, and with her "glory" in general, she shall be reduced not only to shame, but to the want of the commonest necessaries ("thirst") in the arid wilderness (Jr 48:6).
Jeremías 48:19
Jeremías 48:20
20. Answer of the fleeing Moabites to the Ammonite inquirers (Jr 48:19; Is 16:2). He enumerates the Moabite cities at length, as it seemed so incredible that all should be so utterly ruined. Many of them were assigned to the Levites, while Israel stood.
in Arnon--the north boundary between Moab and Ammon (Jr 48:19; Nu 21:13).
Jeremías 48:21
Jeremías 48:22
Jeremías 48:23
23. Beth-gamul--meaning "the city of camels."
Beth-meon--"the house of habitation": Beth-baalmeon (Jos 13:17). Now its ruins are called Miun.
Jeremías 48:24
Jeremías 48:25
Jeremías 48:26
26. drunken--(see on Jr 13:12; Jr 25:17). Intoxicated with the cup of divine wrath, so as to be in helpless distraction.
magnified ... against ... Lord--boasted arrogantly against God's people, that whereas Israel was fallen, Moab remained flourishing.
wallow in ... vomit--following up the image of a drunken man, that is, shall be so afflicted by God's wrath as to disgorge all his past pride, riches, and vainglory, and fall in his shameful abasement.
he also ... derision--He in his disaster shall be an object of derision to us, as we in ours have been to him (Jr 48:27). Retribution in kind.
Jeremías 48:27
27. (Zep 2:8).
a derision--The Hebrew has the article: referring to Jr 48:26, "Was not Israel (the whole nation) the object of derision to thee?" Therefore, Moab is to suffer as formerly for its exultation over the calamity (2Ki 17:6) of the ten tribes under the Assyrian Shalmaneser (Is 15:1-16:14), so now for its exultation over the fall of Judah, under the Chaldean Nebuchadnezzar. God takes up His people's cause as His own (Ob 10-13).
was he ... among thieves--(Jr 2:26). Proverbial. What did Israel do to deserve such derision? Was he detected in theft, that thou didst so exult over him in speaking of him? Though guilty before God, Israel was guiltless towards thee.
since--"since ever" thou didst begin speaking of him.
skippedst for joy--at Israel's calamity [Calvin]; or, "thou didst shake thy head" in "derision" [Maurer].
Jeremías 48:28
Jeremías 48:29
29. pride--(Is 16:6, 7). Moab was the trumpeter of his own fame. Jeremiah adds "loftiness and arrogancy" to Isaiah's picture, so that Moab had not only not been bettered by the chastisement previously endured as foretold by Isaiah, but had even become worse; so that his guilt, and therefore his sentence of punishment, are increased now. Six times Moab's pride (or the synonyms) are mentioned, to show the exceeding hatefulness of his sin.
Jeremías 48:30
30. I know--Moab's "proud arrogancy" (Jr 48:29) or "wrath," against My people, is not unknown to Me.
it shall not be so--The result shall not be so as he thinks: his lies shall not so effect what he aims at by them. Calvin translates, "his lies are not right (that is, his vauntings are vain because God will not give them effect); they shall not do so" as they project in their minds, for God will set at naught their plans.
Jeremías 48:31
31. I will cry ... for ... Moab--Not that it deserves pity, but the prophet's "crying" for it vividly represents the greatness of the calamity.
Kir-heres--Kir-hareseth, in Is 16:7; see on Is 16:7. It means "the city of potters," or else "the city of the sun" [Grotius]. Here "the men of Kir-heres" are substituted for "the foundations of Kir-hareseth," in Is 16:7. The change answers probably to the different bearing of the disaster under Nebuchadnezzar, as compared with that former one under Shalmaneser.
Jeremías 48:32
32. with the weeping--with the same weeping as Jazer, now vanquished, wept with for the destruction of its vines. The same calamity shall befall thee, Sibmah, as befell Jazer. The Hebrew preposition here is different from that in Is 16:9, for which reason Maurer translates, "with more than the weeping of Jazer." English Version understands it of the continuation of the weeping; after they have wept for Jazer, fresh subject of lamentation will present itself for the wasting of the vine-abounding Sibmah.
plants ... gone over ... sea of Jazer--As the Septuagint reads "cities of Jazer," and as no traces of a lake near Jazer are found, the reading of English Version is doubtful. Retaining the present reading, we avoid the difficulty by translating [Grotius], "Thy plants (that is, citizens: alluding to the 'vine') are gone over the sea (that is, shall be transported beyond the sea to Cyprus, and such distant lands subject to Babylon; and this, too, in summertime), whereas Jazer (that is, the men of Jazer) reached the sea" (shore only, but are not transported beyond the sea); so that worse shall befall thee than befalls Jazer.
spoiler--Nebuzara-dan.
Jeremías 48:33
33. the plentiful field--rather, "Carmel": as the parallel "land of Moab" requires, though in Is 16:10, it is "the plentiful field." Joy is taken away as from the nearer regions (Canaan and Palestine), so from the farther "land of Moab"; what has happened to Judah shall befall Moab, too (Jr 48:26, 27) [Maurer]. However, Moab alone seems to be spoken of here; nor does the parallelism forbid "plentiful field" answering to "Moab." English Version is therefore better.
shouting--repeated; as at the conclusion of the vintage, men sing over and over again the same cry of joy. A shouting shall be heard, but not the joyous shouting of laborers treading the grapes, but the terrible battle cry of the foe.
Jeremías 48:34
34. From the cry of Heshbon, &c.--Those who fly from Heshbon on its capture shall continue the cry even as far as Elealeh ... . There will be continued cries in all quarters, from one end to the other, everywhere slaughter and wasting.
as an heifer of three years old--Moab heretofore not having known foreign yoke, and in its full strength, is compared to an heifer of three years old, never yet yoked, nor as yet worn out with many birth-givings (compare Note, see on Is 15:5).
waters ... of Nimrim--that is, the well-watered and therefore luxuriant pastures of Nimrim.
desolate--The Hebrew is stronger: not merely shall be "desolate," but desolation itself multiplied: plural, "desolations." The most fertile tracts shall be dried up.
Jeremías 48:35
Jeremías 48:36
36. (See on Is 15:7; Is 16:11).
like pipes--a plaintive instrument, therefore used at funerals and in general mourning.
riches ... gotten--literally, the abundance ... that which is over and above the necessaries of life. Grotius translates, "They who have been left remaining shall perish"; they who have not been slain by the enemy shall perish by disease and famine.
Jeremías 48:37
Jeremías 48:38
38. vessel ... no pleasure--(See on Jr 22:28); a vessel cast aside by the potter as refuse, not answering his design.
Jeremías 48:39
39. it--Moab.
How ... how--prodigious, yet sure to happen.
turned the back--not daring to show her face.
derision ... dismaying to all--a derision to some; a dismaying to others in beholding such a judgment of God, fearing a like fate for themselves.
Jeremías 48:40
Jeremías 48:41
41. as ... woman in ... pangs--(Is 13:8).
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