JEREMÍAS 52

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1 Tenía Sedequías veintiún años cuando comenzó a reinar, y reinó once años en Jerusalén. Su madre se llamaba Hamutal, hija de Jeremías de Libna. 2 E hizo lo malo ante los ojos de Yahvé, conforme a todo lo que había hecho Joacim. 3 Por causa de la ira de Yahvé contra Jerusalén y Judá, llegó a echarlos de su presencia; y Sedequías se rebeló contra el rey de Babilonia. 4 Aconteció, pues, en el noveno año de su reinado, en el mes décimo, a los diez días del mes, que vino Nabucodonosor, rey de Babilonia, con todo su ejército contra Jerusalén, y acamparon contra ella y levantaron baluartes a su alrededor. 5 Y estuvo sitiada la ciudad hasta el undécimo año del rey Sedequías. 6 En el mes cuarto, a los nueve días del mes, arreció el hambre en la ciudad, hasta que no hubo pan para el pueblo de la tierra. 7 Se abrió entonces una brecha en el muro de la ciudad, y todos los hombres de guerra huyeron y salieron de la ciudad de noche por el camino de la puerta entre los dos muros que estaba cerca del jardín del rey, mientras los caldeos rodeaban la ciudad; y se fueron por el camino del Arabá. 8 Pero el ejército de los caldeos siguió al rey, y alcanzaron a Sedequías en las llanuras de Jericó; y todo su ejército se dispersó de su lado. 9 Entonces prendieron al rey y lo llevaron al rey de Babilonia, a Ribla, en tierra de Hamat, donde este pronunció sentencia contra él. 10 Y degolló el rey de Babilonia a los hijos de Sedequías ante sus propios ojos; asimismo degolló a todos los príncipes de Judá en Ribla. 11 A Sedequías le sacó los ojos, y lo ató con grilletes de bronce; el rey de Babilonia lo llevó a Babilonia y lo puso en la cárcel hasta el día de su muerte. 12 En el mes quinto, a los diez días del mes, que era el año decimonoveno del reinado de Nabucodonosor, rey de Babilonia, entró en Jerusalén Nabuzaradán, capitán de la guardia, que servía al rey de Babilonia. 13 Y quemó la casa de Yahvé, y la casa del rey, y todas las casas de Jerusalén; prendió fuego a todas las casas de los grandes. 14 Todo el ejército de los caldeos que venía con el capitán de la guardia derribó todos los muros de Jerusalén a la redonda. 15 Y de los más pobres del pueblo, y del resto de la gente que había quedado en la ciudad, y de los que se habían pasado al rey de Babilonia, y del resto de la multitud, Nabuzaradán, capitán de la guardia, los transportó cautivos. 16 Mas de los pobres de la tierra, Nabuzaradán, capitán de la guardia, dejó a algunos para que fuesen viñadores y labradores. 17 También quebraron los caldeos las columnas de bronce que estaban en la casa de Yahvé, y las basas, y el mar de bronce que estaba en la casa de Yahvé, y llevaron todo el bronce a Babilonia. 18 Se llevaron también las ollas, las palas, las despabiladeras, los tazones, las cucharas y todos los utensilios de bronce con que se servía. 19 El capitán de la guardia tomó también las copas, los incensarios, los tazones, las ollas, los candeleros, las cucharas y los cálices; lo que era de oro por oro, y lo que de plata por plata. 20 Las dos columnas, el mar único, y los doce toros de bronce que estaban debajo de las basas, que había hecho el rey Salomón en la casa de Yahvé; el peso del bronce de todos estos utensilios era incalculable. 21 En cuanto a las columnas, la altura de cada columna era de dieciocho codos, y un cordón de doce codos la rodeaba; y su grueso era de cuatro dedos, y era hueca. 22 Tenía encima un capitel de bronce; la altura de un capitel era de cinco codos, con una red y granadas alrededor del capitel, todo de bronce; y lo mismo tenía la segunda columna con sus granadas. 23 Había noventa y seis granadas en cada hilera; todas las granadas sobre la red alrededor eran cien. 24 Tomó también el capitán de la guardia a Seraías, el sumo sacerdote, y a Sofonías, el segundo sacerdote, y a los tres guardas del umbral. 25 Y de la ciudad tomó a un oficial que era jefe de los hombres de guerra, a siete hombres de los consejeros íntimos del rey que se hallaron en la ciudad, al escriba del jefe del ejército que alistaba al pueblo de la tierra, y a sesenta hombres del pueblo de la tierra que se hallaron en medio de la ciudad. 26 Los tomó, pues, Nabuzaradán, capitán de la guardia, y los llevó al rey de Babilonia, a Ribla. 27 Y el rey de Babilonia los hirió y los mató en Ribla, en tierra de Hamat. Así Judá fue transportado cautivo lejos de su tierra. 28 Este es el pueblo que Nabucodonosor transportó cautivo: En el año séptimo, tres mil veintitrés judíos. 29 En el año dieciocho de Nabucodonosor, él transportó de Jerusalén a ochocientas treinta y dos personas. 30 En el año veintitrés de Nabucodonosor, Nabuzaradán, capitán de la guardia, transportó cautivas a setecientas cuarenta y cinco personas de los judíos; todas las personas fueron cuatro mil seiscientas. 31 Y aconteció que en el año treinta y siete del cautiverio de Joaquín, rey de Judá, en el mes duodécimo, a los veinticinco días del mes, Evil-merodac, rey de Babilonia, en el año primero de su reinado, indultó a Joaquín, rey de Judá, y lo sacó de la cárcel. 32 Le habló con benevolencia y puso su trono por encima del trono de los reyes que estaban con él en Babilonia. 33 Le cambió las vestiduras de prisión, y Joaquín comió siempre delante de él todos los días de su vida. 34 Y su ración le fue dada continuamente por el rey de Babilonia, cada día su porción, hasta el día de su muerte, todos los días de su vida.

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JEREMÍAS 52:1

Introduction

This chapter was added after Jeremiah's time probably by Ezra, after the return from the captivity, of which it gives a short account, nearly the same as in 2Kgs 24:18-20, and 2Kgs 24:18-20. It is very properly subjoined to the preceding prophecies, in order to show how exactly they were fulfilled. It likewise forms a proper introduction to the following Lamentations, as it gives an account of the mournful events which gave rise to them. Zedekiah's evil reign and rebellion against Nebuchadnezzar, Jer 52:1-3. Jerusalem is taken by the Chaldeans after a siege of eighteen months, Jer 52:4-7. Zedekiah pursued and taken in the plains of Jericho, and his whole army dispersed, Jer 52:8, Jer 52:9. The king's sons and all the princes of Judah slain in Riblah, Jer 52:10. Zedekiah has his eyes put out by order of the Chaldean monarch; and is afterward bound in chains, carried to Babylon, and imprisoned for life, Jer 52:11. Nebuzar-adan, the captain of the guard, burns and spoils the city and temple, Jer 52:12-19. The two pillars of the temple, with their dimensions and ornaments, Jer 52:20-23. The officers of the temple, and several others, carried away captives into Babylon, and then slain by order of Nebuchadnezzar, Jer 52:24-27. The number of Jews that Nebuchadnezzar carried away captive in the seventh year of his reign, Jer 52:28; in his eighteenth year, Jer 52:29; and in his twenty-third year, Jer 52:30. Evil-merodach, the son of Nebuchadnezzar, in the year of his accession to the throne of Babylon, (which was in the thirty-seventh year of the captivity, and the one hundred and ninety-first from the building of Rome, according to the computation of Varro), orders Jehoiachin to be taken out of prison, and treats him kindly for the remainder of his life, Jer 52:31-34.

Verse 1

Zedekiah was one and twenty years old - See 2Kgs 24:18.

JEREMÍAS 52:2

Verse 2

And he did - evil - This and the following verse are the same as 2Kgs 24:19.

JEREMÍAS 52:3

Verse 3

Through the anger of the Lord - Here is a king given to a people in God's anger, and taken away in his displeasure.

JEREMÍAS 52:4

Verse 4

Ninth year - tenth month - Answering nearly to our January.

JEREMÍAS 52:5

Verse 5

So the city was besieged - It held out one year and six months.

JEREMÍAS 52:6-7

Verse 6

And in the fourth month - See the notes on Jer 39:1, etc. The fourth month answers nearly to our July.

JEREMÍAS 52:8

Verse 8

The army of the Chaldeans pursued - See on 2Kgs 25:5 (note).

JEREMÍAS 52:9-10

Verse 9

King of Babylon to Riblah - See the note on Jer 39:5.

JEREMÍAS 52:11

Verse 11

He put out the eyes of Zedekiah - See on Jer 39:7 (note).

JEREMÍAS 52:12

Verse 12

Now in the fifth month - Answering nearly to our August.

JEREMÍAS 52:13-14

Verse 13

And burned the house of the Lord - Thus perished this magnificent structure, after it had stood four hundred and twenty-four years three months and eight days. It was built A.M. 2992, and destroyed A.M. 3416.

JEREMÍAS 52:15

Verse 15

Those that fell away - The deserters to the Chaldeans during the siege.

JEREMÍAS 52:16

Verse 16

The poor of the land - See on Jer 39:1 (note).

JEREMÍAS 52:17

Verse 17

Also the pillars - See on Jer 27:19 (note).

JEREMÍAS 52:24

Verse 24

The second priest - See the note on 2Kgs 25:18.

The three keepers - The priests who stood at the door to receive the offerings of the people, see 2Kgs 20:9, and 2Kgs 23:4.

JEREMÍAS 52:25-27

Verse 25

Seven men - that were near the king's person - These were privy counsellors.

JEREMÍAS 52:28-30

Verse 28

On these verses Dr. Blayney has some sensible remarks; I will extract the substance. These verses are not inserted in 2 Kings 25. Are we to conclude from these verses that the whole number of the Jews which Nebuchadnezzar, in all his expeditions, carried away, was no more than four thousand six hundred? This cannot be true; for he carried away more than twice that number at one time and this is expressly said to have been in the eighth year of his reign, 2Kgs 24:12-16. Before that time he had carried off a number of captives from Jerusalem, in the first year of his reign, among whom were Daniel and his companions, Dan 1:3-6. These are confessedly not noticed here. And as the taking and burning of Jerusalem is in this very chapter said to have been in the fourth and fifth months of the nineteenth year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, those who were carried into captivity at the date of those events cannot possibly be the same with those that are said to be carried away either in the eighteenth or twenty-third year of that prince. Nor, indeed, is it credible that the number carried away at the time that the city was taken, and the whole country reduced, could be so few as eight hundred and thirty-two, (see Jer 52:29); supposing a mistake in the date of the year, which some are willing to do without sufficient grounds.

Here then we have three deportations, and those the most considerable ones, in the first, in the eighth, and nineteenth years of Nebuchadnezzar, sufficiently distinguished from those in the seventh, eighteenth, and twenty-third years. So that it seems most reasonable to conclude with Abp. Usher, in Chronologia Sacra, that by the latter three the historian meant to point out deportations of a minor kind, not elsewhere noticed in direct terms in Scripture.

The first of these, said to have been in the seventh year of Nebuchadnezzar, was one of those that had been picked up in several parts of Judah by the band of Chaldeans, Syrians, and others, whom the king of Babylon sent against the land previously to his own coming, 2Kgs 24:2.

That in the eighteenth year corresponds with the time when the Chaldean army broke off the siege before Jerusalem, and marched to meet the Egyptian army, at which time they might think it proper to send off the prisoners that were in camp, under a guard to Babylon.

And the last, in the twenty-third year of Nebuchadnezzar, was when that monarch, being engaged in the siege of Tyre, sent off Nebuzaradan against the Moabites, Ammonites, and other neighboring nations, who at the same time carried away the gleanings of Jews that remained in their own land, amounting in all to no more than seven hundred and forty-five.

Josephus speaks of this expedition against the Moabites and Ammonites, which he places in the twenty-third year or Nebuchadnezzar; but mentions nothing done in the land of Israel at that time. Only he says that after the conquest of those nations, Nebuchadnezzar carried his victorious arms against Egypt, which he in some measure reduced, and carried the Jews whom he found there captives to Babylon. But the Egyptian expedition was not till the twenty-seventh year of Jehoiachin's captivity, i.e., the thirty-fifth of Nebuchadnezzar, as may be collected from Eze 29:17; so that those who were carried away in the twenty-third year were not from Egypt, but were, as before observed, the few Jews that remained in the land of Judah.

JEREMÍAS 52:31

Verse 31

In the twelfth month - Answering nearly to our twenty-fifth of April, A.M. 3442.

Lifted up the head of Jehoiachin - This phrase is taken from Gen 40:13. It is founded on the observation that those who are in sorrow hold down their heads, and when they are comforted, or the cause of their sorrow removed, they lift up their heads. The Hebrew phrase, lift up the head, signifies to comfort, cheer, make happy.

JEREMÍAS 52:32

Verse 32

Spake kindly - Conversed freely with him.

Set his throne - Gave him a more respectable seat than any of the captive princes, or better than even his own princes had, probably near his person.

JEREMÍAS 52:33

Verse 33

And changed his prison garments - That is, Jehoiachin changed his own garments, that he might be suited in that respect to the state of his elevation. Kings also, in token of favor, gave caftans or robes to those whom they wish to honor.

And he did continually eat bread before him - Was a constant guest at the king's table.

JEREMÍAS 52:34

Verse 34

And - there was a continual diet given him - This was probably a ration allowed by the king for the support of Jehoiachin's household. For other particulars, see the note on 2Kgs 25:30.

All the days of his life - I believe these words have been by mistake added from the preceding verse. There, they are proper; here, they are tautological. They are wanting in the Septuagint and in the Arabic.

The preceding words, עד יום מותו ad yom motho, "to the day of his death," are wanting in two of De Rossi's and one of Kennicott's MSS.

Coverdale ends thus: - All the days of his life until he died. This is better than the common Version.

Immediately after this verse my old MS. Bible adds the following words: And done is aftir that into caitifte is brougt Israel, and Jerusalem is bestroide, satte Jeremye the prophet weepund, and weiled with this lamentation Jerusalem; and with bitter inwit sighand and criand weilawai, seide. Then follows in red letters: Here beginneth the Lamentation of Jeremye, that is intitle Cenoth; with the sortynge out of Ebrue letters.

Aleph: How sitteth aloon the city, etc. See something of a similar kind from other authorities, at the beginning of Lamentations.

Masoretic notes

Number of verses in this Book, 1365.

Middle verse, Jer 28:11.

Masoretic sections, 31.

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