JEREMÍAS 34

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1 Palabra que vino a Jeremías de parte de Yahvé, cuando Nabucodonosor, rey de Babilonia, con todo su ejército, todos los reinos de la tierra que estaban bajo su dominio y todos los pueblos, combatían contra Jerusalén y contra todas sus ciudades, diciendo: 2 “Así dice Yahvé, el Dios de Israel: ‘Ve y habla a Sedequías, rey de Judá, y dile que así dice Yahvé: «He aquí que yo entregaré esta ciudad en manos del rey de Babilonia, y él la quemará con fuego. 3 No escaparás de su mano, sino que seguramente serás apresado y entregado en su poder. Tus ojos verán los ojos del rey de Babilonia, y él hablará contigo cara a cara, e irás a Babilonia» ’. 4 Pero escucha la palabra de Yahvé, oh Sedequías, rey de Judá. Así dice Yahvé respecto a ti: ‘No morirás a espada. 5 Morirás en paz; y como quemaron perfumes por tus padres, los antiguos reyes que fueron antes de ti, así los quemarán por ti. Se lamentarán de ti, diciendo: «¡Ah, Señor!», porque yo he pronunciado la palabra’ — dice Yahvé —”. 6 El profeta Jeremías dijo todas estas palabras a Sedequías, rey de Judá, en Jerusalén, 7 cuando el ejército del rey de Babilonia combatía contra Jerusalén y contra todas las ciudades de Judá que quedaban: contra Laquis y contra Azeca; pues solo estas quedaban de las ciudades de Judá como plazas fuertes. 8 Vino a Jeremías palabra de Yahvé, después de que el rey Sedequías hubo hecho una alianza con todo el pueblo que estaba en Jerusalén para proclamarles libertad: 9 que cada uno dejase libre a su siervo y cada uno a su sierva, hebreo o hebrea; que nadie se sirviese de los judíos, sus hermanos. 10 Y cuando oyeron todos los príncipes y todo el pueblo que habían convenido en la alianza de dejar libre cada uno a su siervo y cada uno a su sierva, para no servirse más de ellos, obedecieron y los dejaron ir. 11 Pero después se arrepintieron e hicieron volver a los siervos y a las siervas que habían dejado libres, y los redujeron a servidumbre como siervos y siervas. 12 Por eso vino palabra de Yahvé a Jeremías, diciendo: 13 “Así dice Yahvé, el Dios de Israel: ‘Yo hice una alianza con vuestros padres el día que los saqué de la tierra de Egipto, de la casa de servidumbre, diciendo: 14 Al cabo de siete años, cada uno de vosotros liberará a su hermano hebreo que le haya sido vendido; os servirá seis años y luego lo dejaréis ir libre. Pero vuestros padres no me escucharon ni inclinaron su oído. 15 Vosotros os habíais vuelto hoy y habíais hecho lo recto ante mis ojos, proclamando libertad cada uno a su prójimo; y habíais hecho una alianza en mi presencia, en la casa sobre la cual es invocado mi nombre. 16 Pero os habéis vuelto y habéis profanado mi nombre, y habéis hecho volver cada uno a su siervo y cada uno a su sierva, a quienes habíais dejado libres a su voluntad; y los habéis reducido a servidumbre para que os sean siervos y siervas’”. 17 Por tanto, así dice Yahvé: «Vosotros no me habéis escuchado para proclamar libertad cada uno a su hermano y cada uno a su prójimo; he aquí que yo os proclamo libertad — dice Yahvé — para la espada, para la peste y para el hambre; y os entregaré para escarnio de todos los reinos de la tierra. 18 Y entregaré a los hombres que traspasaron mi alianza, que no han tenido por firmes las palabras de la alianza que hicieron en mi presencia, cuando partieron en dos el becerro y pasaron por medio de sus partes: 19 a los príncipes de Judá y a los príncipes de Jerusalén, a los oficiales, a los sacerdotes y a todo el pueblo de la tierra que pasaron por medio de las partes del becerro. 20 Los entregaré en mano de sus enemigos y en mano de los que buscan su vida; y sus cuerpos muertos serán comida para las aves del cielo y para las bestias de la tierra. 21 Y a Sedequías, rey de Judá, y a sus príncipes los entregaré en mano de sus enemigos, y en mano de los que buscan su vida, y en mano del ejército del rey de Babilonia, que se ha retirado de vosotros. 22 He aquí, yo mandaré — dice Yahvé — y los haré volver a esta ciudad; pelearán contra ella, la tomarán y la quemarán con fuego. Y reduciré las ciudades de Judá a una desolación donde no quede morador».

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JEREMÍAS 34:1

Introduction

This chapter contains two prophecies: the first, delivered during the siege of Jerusalem, predicts to Zedekiah the taking and burning of the city, with his own peaceful death and honorable burial, Jer 34:1-7. The second was delivered when the Chaldeans had for some time broken up the siege. It reproves the Jews for their conduct towards their brethren of the poorer sort, whom they released, by a solemn covenant, from bondage, in the extremity of their danger; but compelled to return to it when they thought that danger over, Jer 34:8-11. For this God threatens them with the sword, pestilence, and famine; and with the return of the Chaldeans, who should take the city, destroy it and the other cities by fire, and make an utter desolation of the whole land of Judea, Jer 34:12-22.

Verse 1

The word which came unto Jeremiah - This discourse was delivered in the tenth year of the reign of Zedekiah. The chapter contains two discourses; one, Jer 34:1-7, which concerns the taking of the city, and Zedekiah's captivity and death; the other, Jer 34:8-22, which is an invective against the inhabitants of Jerusalem for having Hebrew male and female slaves. These, having been manumitted at the instance of the prophet, were afterwards brought back by their old masters, and put in the same thraldom; for which God threatens them with severe judgments.

Nebuchadnezzar - and all his army, and all the kingdoms of the earth of his dominion - That is, his army was composed of soldiers gathered out of Babylon, and out of all his tributary dominions: one hundred and twenty provinces.

JEREMÍAS 34:2

Verse 2

He shall burn it with fire - This was a newly-added circumstance. Among many ancient nations they burned the bodies of the more illustrious dead. Odours were used in the burning: they then gathered the ashes, and put them into an urn or pitcher, sometimes into a strong vessel, and buried them. Many of these have been digged up in different parts of England, where the Romans had stations.

JEREMÍAS 34:3-4

Verse 3

Thou shalt not escape - This, however, he had attempted, but was taken in his flight. See Jer 39:4, and Jer 52:7, etc.

JEREMÍAS 34:5

Verse 5

Thou shalt die in peace - Thou shalt not die a violent death; and at thy death thou shalt have all those funereal solemnities which were usual at the demise of kings. See 2Chr 16:14.

So shall they burn odours for thee - Scented wood and other odoriferous substances are placed on the funeral pile of the rich Hindoos, and burned with the body.

And they will lament thee, saying, Ah lord! - They will recite the funeral dirge that begins with those words. See the note on Jer 22:18 (note).

JEREMÍAS 34:6

Verse 6

Spake all these Words unto Zedekiah - He delivered this message at the hazard of his life. Jeremiah feared God, and had no other fear.

JEREMÍAS 34:7

Verse 7

Against Lachish, and against Azekah - These were two cities of Judah of considerable importance: they had been strongly fortified by Rehoboam, 2Chr 11:9-11; 2Chr 32:9.

JEREMÍAS 34:8-10

Verse 8

The word that came unto Jeremiah - Here the second discourse begins, which was delivered probably a short time, even a few days, after the former.

Zedekiah had made a covenant - We find no account elsewhere of this covenant: "Every man should let his man-servant and his maid-servant go free;" i.e., as we learn from Jer 34:14, on the sabbatical year; for the seventh year was the year of release. See Deu 15:12.

JEREMÍAS 34:11-15

Verse 11

But afterward they turned - They had agreed to manumit them at the end of the seventh year; but when the seventh year was ended, they recalled their engagement, and detained their servants. This, I believe, is what is here meant.

JEREMÍAS 34:16

Verse 16

Ye - polluted my name - Had made the covenant in my name, calling me to witness it; now ye have dishonored my name, by breaking that covenant, and acting contrary to my law.

JEREMÍAS 34:17

Verse 17

I proclaim a liberty for you - Ye proclaimed liberty to your slaves, and afterward resumed your authority over them; and I had in consequence restrained the sword from cutting you off: but now I give liberty to the sword, to the pestilence, and to the famine, and to the captivity, to destroy and consume you, and enslave you: for ye shall be removed to all the kingdoms of the earth. The prophet loves to express the conformity between the crime and its punishment. You promised to give liberty to your enslaved brethren; I was pleased, and bound the sword in its sheath. You broke your promise, and brought them again into bondage; I gave liberty to the sword, pestilence, and famine, to destroy multitudes of you, and captivity to take the rest. Thus you are punished according to your crimes, and in the punishment you may see the crime. Sword, pestilence, and famine are frequently joined together, as being often the effects of each other. The sword or war produces famine; famine, the pestilence.

JEREMÍAS 34:18-20

Verse 18

When they cut the calf in twain, and passed between the parts thereof - This was the ancient and most solemn way of making a covenant.

1. A calf as sacrifice was offered to God to secure his approbation and support.

2. The victim was then exactly divided from the nose to the rump; the spinal marrow being divided longitudinally, in the most careful manner, that the half of it might remain on each side.

3. These divided parts were laid opposite to each other, a passage being left between them.

4. The contracting parties entered this passage at each end, met in the middle, and there took the covenant oath; adjudging themselves to death should they break this covenant.

5. Then they both feasted on the victim. In reference to this last circumstance, God says he will give their bodies for meat to the fowls of heaven and to the beasts. This is a farther conformity between the crime and the punishment. See my notes on Gen 15:9-17 (note).

JEREMÍAS 34:21

Verse 21

The king of Babylon's army, which are gone up from you - Nebuchadnezzar, hearing that there was an Egyptian army coming to the relief of Jerusalem, raised the siege, went out, and met and defeated the Egyptians. It was in the interim this prophecy was delivered.

JEREMÍAS 34:22

Verse 22

I will - cause them to return - They did return; re-invested the city; and, after an obstinate defense, took it, plundered it, and burned it to the ground, taking Zedekiah and his princes captive.

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