Jeremías 25
Reina Valera 1909 (RV1909) · Español
1 PALABRA que fué á Jeremías acerca de todo el pueblo de Judá en el año cuarto de Joacim hijo de Josías, rey de Judá, el cual es el año primero de Nabucodonosor rey de Babilonia; 2 La cual habló Jeremías profeta á todo el pueblo de Judá, y á todos los moradores de Jerusalem, diciendo: 3 Desde el año trece de Josías hijo de Amón, rey de Judá, hasta este día, que son veintitrés años, fué á mí palabra de Jehová, y os he hablado, madrugando y dando aviso; mas no oisteis. 4 Y envió Jehová á vosotros todos sus siervos los profetas, madrugando y enviándolos; mas no oisteis, ni inclinasteis vuestro oído para escuchar, 5 Cuando decían: Volveos ahora de vuestro mal camino y de la maldad de vuestras obras, y morad en la tierra que os dió Jehová, á vosotros y á vuestros padres para siempre; 6 Y no vayáis en pos de dioses ajenos, sirviéndoles y encorvándoos á ellos, ni me provoquéis á ira con la obra de vuestras manos; y no os haré mal. 7 Empero no me habéis oído, dice Jehová, para provocarme á ira con la obra de vuestras manos para mal vuestro. 8 Por tanto, así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos: Por cuanto no habéis oído mis palabras, 9 He aquí enviaré yo, y tomaré todos los linajes del aquilón, dice Jehová, y á Nabucodonosor rey de Babilonia, mi siervo, y traerélos contra esta tierra, y contra sus moradores, y contra todas estas naciones en derredor; y los destruiré, y pondrélos por escarnio, y por silbo, y en soledades perpetuas. 10 Y haré que perezca de entre ellos voz de gozo y voz de alegría, voz de desposado y voz de desposada, ruido de muelas, y luz de lámpara. 11 Y toda esta tierra será puesta en soledad, en espanto; y servirán estas gentes al rey de Babilonia setenta años. 12 Y será que, cuando fueren cumplidos los setenta años, visitaré sobre el rey de Babilonia y sobre aquella gente su maldad, ha dicho Jehová, y sobre la tierra de los Caldeos; y pondréla en desiertos para siempre. 13 Y traeré sobre aquella tierra todas mis palabras que he hablado contra ella, con todo lo que está escrito en este libro, profetizado por Jeremías contra todas gentes. 14 Porque se servirán también de ellos muchas gentes, y reyes grandes; y yo les pagaré conforme á sus hechos, y conforme á la obra de sus manos. 15 Porque así me dijo Jehová Dios de Israel: Toma de mi mano el vaso del vino de este furor, y da á beber de él á todas las gentes á las cuales yo te envío. 16 Y beberán, y temblarán, y enloquecerán delante del cuchillo que yo envío entre ellos. 17 Y tomé el vaso de la mano de Jehová, y dí de beber á todas las gentes á las cuales me envió Jehová: 18 A Jerusalem, á las ciudades de Judá, y á sus reyes, y á sus príncipes, para ponerlos en soledad, en escarnio, y en silbo, y en maldición, como este día; 19 A Faraón rey de Egipto, y á sus siervos, á sus príncipes, y á todo su pueblo; 20 Y á toda la mezcla de gente, y á todos los reyes de tierra de Hus, y á todos los reyes de tierra de Palestina, y á Ascalón, y Gaza, y Ecrón, y al residuo de Asdod; 21 A Edom, y Moab, y á los hijos de Ammón; 22 Y á todos los reyes de Tiro, y á todos los reyes de Sidón, y á los reyes de las islas que están de ese lado de la mar; 23 Y á Dedán, y Tema, y Buz, y á todos los que están al cabo del mundo; 24 Y á todos los reyes de Arabia, y á todos los reyes de pueblos mezclados que habitan en el desierto; 25 Y á todos los reyes de Zimri, y á todos los reyes de Elam, y á todos los reyes de Media; 26 Y á todos los reyes del aquilón, los de cerca y los de lejos, los unos con los otros; y á todos los reinos de la tierra que están sobre la haz de la tierra: y el rey de Sesach beberá después de ellos. 27 Les dirás, pues: Así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos, Dios de Israel: Bebed, y embriagaos, y vomitad, y caed, y no os levantéis delante del cuchillo que yo envío entre vosotros. 28 Y será que, si no quieren tomar el vaso de tu mano para beber, les dirás tú: Así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos: Habéis de beber. 29 Porque he aquí, que á la ciudad sobre la cual es invocado mi nombre yo comienzo á hacer mal; ¿y vosotros seréis absueltos? No seréis absueltos: porque espada traigo sobre todos los moradores de la tierra, dice Jehová de los ejércitos. 30 Tú pues, profetizarás á ellos todas estas palabras, y les dirás: Jehová bramará desde lo alto, y desde la morada de su santidad dará su voz: enfurecido bramará sobre su morada; canción de lagareros cantará contra todos los moradores de la tierra. 31 Llegó el estruendo hasta el cabo de la tierra; porque juicio de Jehová con las gentes: él es el Juez de toda carne; entregará los impíos á cuchillo, dice Jehová. 32 Así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos: He aquí que el mal sale de gente en gente, y grande tempestad se levantará de los fines de la tierra. 33 Y serán muertos de Jehová en aquel día desde el un cabo de la tierra hasta el otro cabo; no se endecharán, ni se recogerán, ni serán enterrados; como estiércol serán sobre la haz de la tierra. 34 Aullad, pastores, y clamad; y revolcaos en el polvo, mayorales del rebaño; porque cumplidos son vuestros días para ser vosotros degollados y esparcidos, y caeréis como vaso de codicia. 35 Y acabaráse la huída de los pastores, y el escape de los mayorales del rebaño. 36 ¡Voz de la grita de los pastores, y aullido de los mayorales del rebaño! porque Jehová asoló sus majadas. 37 Y las majadas quietas serán taladas por el furor de la ira de Jehová. 38 Dejó cual leoncillo su guarida; pues asolada fué la tierra de ellos por la ira del opresor, y por el furor de su saña.
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Jeremías 25:1
Jr 25:1-38. Prophecy of the Seventy Years' Captivity; and after That the Destruction of Babylon, and of All the Nations That Oppressed the Jews.
1. fourth year of Jehoiakim--called the third year in Da 1:1. But probably Jehoiakim was set on the throne by Pharaoh-necho on his return from Carchemish about July, whereas Nebuchadnezzar mounted the throne January 21, 604 B.C.; so that Nebuchadnezzar's first year was partly the third, partly the fourth, of Jehoiakim's. Here first Jeremiah gives specific dates. Nebuchadnezzar had previously entered Judea in the reign of his father Nabopolassar.
Jeremías 25:3
3. From the thirteenth year of Josiah, in which Jeremiah began to prophesy (Jr 1:1), to the end of Josiah's reign, was nineteen years (2Ki 22:1); the three months 2 Kings 23. 31) of Jehoahaz' reign, with the not quite complete four years of Jehoiakim (Jr 25:1), added to the nineteen years, make up twenty-three years in all.
Jeremías 25:4
4. rising early--(See on Jr 7:13). "The prophets" refer to Urijah, Zephaniah, Habakkuk, &c. It aggravates their sin, that God sent not merely one but many messengers, and those messengers, prophets; and, that during all those years specified, Jeremiah and his fellow prophets spared no effort, late and early.
Jeremías 25:5
5. Turn ... dwell--In Hebrew there is expressed by sameness of sounds the correspondence between their turning to God and God's turning to them to permit them to dwell in their land: Shubu ... shebu, "Return" ... so shall ye "remain."
every one from ... evil--Each must separately repent and turn from his own sin. None is excepted, lest they should think their guilt extenuated because the evil is general.
Jeremías 25:6
6. He instances one sin, idolatry, as representative of all their sins; as nothing is dearer to God than a pure worship of Himself.
Jeremías 25:7
Jeremías 25:9
9. the north--(see on Jr 1:14, 15). The Medes and other northern peoples, confederate with Babylon, are included with the Chaldeans.
my servant--My agent for punishing (Jr 27:6; 43:10; compare Jr 40:2). Compare Is 44:28; Cyrus, "My shepherd." God makes even unbelievers unconsciously to fulfil His designs. A reproof to the Jews, who boasted that they were the servants of God; yet a heathen king is to be more the servant of God than they, and that as the agent of their punishment.
Jeremías 25:10
10. (Jr 7:34; Re 18:23). The land shall be so desolated that even in the houses left standing there shall be no inhabitant; a terrible stillness shall prevail; no sound of the hand-mill (two circular stones, one above the other, for grinding corn, worked by two women, Ex 11:5; Mt 24:41; in daily use in every house, and therefore forbidden to be taken in pledge, De 24:6); no night-light, so universal in the East that the poorest house has it, burning all night.
Jeremías 25:11
11. seventy years--(Jr 27:7). The exact number of years of Sabbaths in four hundred ninety years, the period from Saul to the Babylonian captivity; righteous retribution for their violation of the Sabbath (Le 26:34, 35; 2Ch 36:21). The seventy years probably begin from the fourth year of Jehoiakim, when Jerusalem was first captured, and many captives, as well as the treasures of the temple, were carried away; they end with the first year of Cyrus, who, on taking Babylon, issued an edict for the restoration of the Jews (Ezr 1:1). Daniel's seventy prophetic weeks are based on the seventy years of the captivity (compare Da 9:2, 24).
Jeremías 25:13
13. all ... written in this book, which Jeremiah ... prophesied against all ... nations--It follows from this, that the prophecies against foreign nations (forty-sixth through fifty-first chapters) must have been already written. Hence the Septuagint inserts here those prophecies. But if they had followed immediately (Jr 25:13), there would have been no propriety in the observation in the verse. The very wording of the reference shows that they existed in some other part of the book, and not in the immediate context. It was in this very year, the fourth of Jehoiakim (Jr 36:1, 2), that Jeremiah was directed to write in a regular book for the first time all that he had prophesied against Judah and foreign "nations" from the beginning of his ministry. Probably, at a subsequent time, when he completed the whole work, including the forty-sixth through fifty-first chapters, Jeremiah himself inserted the clause, "all that is written in this book, which Jeremiah hath prophesied against all the nations." The prophecies in question may have been repeated, as others in Jeremiah, more than once; so in the original smaller collection they may have stood in an earlier position; and, in the fuller subsequent collection, in their later and present position.
Jeremías 25:14
14. serve themselves--(Jr 27:7; 30:8; 34:10). Avail themselves of their services as slaves.
them also--the Chaldees, who heretofore have made other nations their slaves, shall themselves also in their turn be slaves to them. Maurer translates, "shall impose servitude on them, even them."
recompense them--namely, the Chaldees and other nations against whom Jeremiah had prophesied (Jr 25:13), as having oppressed the Jews.
their deeds--rather, "deed," namely, their bad treatment of the Jews (Jr 50:29; 51:6, 24; compare 2Ch 36:17).
Jeremías 25:15
15. wine cup--Compare Jr 13:12, 13, as to this image, to express stupefying judgments; also Jr 49:12; 51:7. Jeremiah often embodies the imagery of Isaiah in his prophecies (La 4:21; Is 51:17-22; Re 16:19; 18:6). The wine cup was not literally given by Jeremiah to the representatives of the different nations; but only in symbolical vision.
Jeremías 25:16
16. be moved--reel (Na 3:11).
Jeremías 25:18
18. Jerusalem--put first: for "judgment begins at the house of God"; they being most guilty whose religious privileges are greatest (1Pe 4:17).
kings--Jehoiakim, Jeconiah, and Zedekiah.
as it is this day--The accomplishment of the curse had already begun under Jehoiakim. This clause, however, may have been inserted by Jeremiah at his final revision of his prophecies in Egypt.
Jeremías 25:19
Jeremías 25:20
20. mingled people--mercenary foreign troops serving under Pharaoh-hophra in the time of Jeremiah. The employment of these foreigners provoked the native Egyptians to overthrow him. Psammetichus, father of Pharaoh-necho, also had given a settlement in Egypt to Ionian and Carian adventurers [Herodotus, 2.152, 154]. (Compare Jr 50:37; see on Is 19:2, 3; Is 20:1; Eze 30:5. The term is first found in Ex 12:38.
Uz--in the geographical order here, between Egypt and the states along the Mediterranean; therefore not the "Uz" of Job 1:1 (north of Arabia-Deserta), but the northern part of Arabia-Petræa, between the sea and Idumea (La 4:21; see Ge 36:20, 28).
remnant of Ashdod--called a "remnant," because Ashdod had lost most of its inhabitants in the twenty-nine years siege by Psammetichus. Compare also see on Is 20:1. Gath is not mentioned because it was overthrown in the same war.
Jeremías 25:21
21. Edom ... Moab ... Ammon--joined together, as being related to Israel (see Jr 48:1-49:39).
Jeremías 25:22
22. all the kings of Tyrus--the petty kings of the various dependencies of Tyre.
isles--a term including all maritime regions (Psa 72:10).
Jeremías 25:23
Jeremías 25:24
24. mingled people--not in the same sense as in Jr 25:20; the "motley crowd," so called in contempt (compare Jr 49:28, 31; 50:37). By a different pointing it may be translated the "Arabs"; but the repetition of the name is not likely. Blaney thinks there were two divisions of what we call Arabia, the west (Araba) and the east. The west included Arabia-Petræa and the parts on the sea bordering on Egypt, the land of Cush; the east, Arabia-Felix and Deserta. The latter are "the mixed race" inhabiting the desert.
Jeremías 25:25
25. Zimri--perhaps the Zabra mentioned by Ptolemy between Mecca and Medina. Zimran also, as Dedan, was one of Abraham's sons by Keturah (Ge 25:2).
Elam--properly, west of Persia; but used for Persia in general.
Jeremías 25:26
26. Sheshach--Babylon; as the parallelism in Jr 51:41 proves. In the Cabalistic system (called Athbash, the first Hebrew letter in the alphabet being expressed by the last) Sheshach would exactly answer to Babel. Jeremiah may have used this system (as perhaps in Jr 51:41) for concealment at the time of this prediction, in the fourth year of Jehoiakim, while Nebuchadnezzar was before Jerusalem. In Jr 51:41 there can be no concealment, as Babylon is expressly mentioned. Michaelis more simply explains the term "brazen-gated" (compare Is 45:2); others, "the house of a prince." Rather, it comes from the Babylonian goddess, Shach, by reduplication of the first letter; from her Misael was named Meshach by the Babylonians. The term Shace was applied to a festival at Babylon, alluded to in Jr 51:39, 57; Is 21:5. It was during this feast that Cyrus took Babylon [Herodotus, 1]. Thus Jeremiah mystically denotes the time of its capture by this term [Glassius].
Jeremías 25:27
27. rise no more--The heathen nations in question should fall to rise no more. The Jews should fall but for a time, and then rise again. Therefore, the epithet is given, "the God of Israel."
Jeremías 25:28
28. if they refuse to take the cup--No effort of theirs to escape destruction will avail.
Jeremías 25:29
Jeremías 25:30
30. roar--image from a destructive lion (Is 42:13; Joe 3:16).
upon his habitation--rather, "His pasturage"; keeping up the image of a lion roaring against the flock in the pasture. The roar was first to go forth over Judea wherein were "the sheep of His pasture" (Psa 100:3), and thence into heathen lands.
Jeremías 25:31
Jeremías 25:32
32. from the coasts--rather, "from the uttermost regions." Like a storm which arises in one region and then diffuses itself far and wide, so God's judgments shall pass "from nation to nation," till all has been fulfilled; no distance shall prevent the fulfilment.
not be lamented--(Jr 16:4, 6).
neither gathered--to their fathers, in their ancestral tombs (Jr 8:2).
dung--(Psa 83:10).
Jeremías 25:34
34. shepherds--princes (Jr 22:22). Here he returns to the Jews and their rulers, using the same image as in Jr 25:30, "pasture" (see on Jr 25:30).
wallow yourselves--Cover yourselves as thickly with ashes, in token of sorrow, as one who rolls in them (Jr 6:26; Eze 27:30) [Maurer].
principal--leaders. The Septuagint translates "rams," carrying out the image (compare Is 14:9, Margin; Zec 10:3).
days of your slaughter ... of ... dispersions--rather, "your days for slaughter (that is, the time of your being slain), and your dispersions (not 'of your dispersions'), are accomplished (are come)."
pleasant vessel--Ye were once a precious vessel, but ye shall fall, and so be a broken vessel (see on Jr 22:28). "Your past excellency shall not render you safe now. I will turn to your ignominy whatever glory I conferred on you" [Calvin].
Jeremías 25:35
35. Literally, "Flight shall fail the shepherds ... escaping (shall fail) the principal," &c. (Am 2:14). The leaders will be the first objects for slaughter; escape by flight will be out of their power.
Jeremías 25:37
37. habitations--rather, carrying out the image "pastures" (see on Jr 25:30). The pasturages where, peaceably and without incursion of wild beasts, the flocks have fed, shall be destroyed; that is, the regions where, heretofore, there was peace and security (alluding to the name Salem, or Jerusalem, "possessing peace").
Jeremías 25:38
38. his covert--the temple, where heretofore, like a lion, as its defender, by the mere terror of His voice He warded off the foe; but now He leaves it a prey to the Gentiles [Calvin].
fierceness of ... oppressor--rather, as the Hebrew, for "oppressor" is an adjective feminine, the word "sword" is understood, which, in Jr 46:16; 50:16, is expressed (indeed, some manuscripts and the Septuagint read "sword" instead of "fierceness" here; probably interpolated from Jr 46:16), "the oppressing sword." The Hebrew for "oppressing" means also a "dove": there may be, therefore, a covert allusion to the Chaldean standard bearing a dove on it, in honor of Semiramis, the first queen, said in popular superstition to have been nourished by doves when exposed at birth, and at death to have been transformed into a dove. Her name may come from a root referring to the cooing of a dove. That bird was held sacred to the goddess Venus. Vulgate so translates "the anger of the dove."
his ... anger--If the anger of Nebuchadnezzar cannot be evaded, how much less that of God (compare Jr 25:37)!
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