Jeremías 23

Reina Valera 1909 (RV1909) · Español

1 ¡AY de los pastores que desperdician y derraman las ovejas de mi majada! dice Jehová. 2 Por tanto, así ha dicho Jehová Dios de Israel á los pastores que apacientan mi pueblo: Vosotros derramasteis mis ovejas, y las espantasteis, y no las habéis visitado: he aquí que yo visito sobre vosotros la maldad de vuestras obras, dice Jehová. 3 Y yo recogeré el resto de mis ovejas de todas las tierras adonde las eché, y harélas volver á sus moradas; y crecerán, y se multiplicarán. 4 Y pondré sobre ellas pastores que las apacienten; y no temerán más, ni se asombrarán, ni serán menoscabadas, dice Jehová. 5 He aquí que vienen los días, dice Jehová, y despertaré á David renuevo justo, y reinará Rey, el cual será dichoso, y hará juicio y justicia en la tierra. 6 En sus días será salvo Judá, é Israel habitará confiado: y este será su nombre que le llamarán: JEHOVÁ, JUSTICIA NUESTRA. 7 Por tanto, he aquí que vienen días, dice Jehová, y no dirán más: Vive Jehová que hizo subir los hijos de Israel de la tierra de Egipto; 8 Sino: Vive Jehová que hizo subir y trajo la simiente de la casa de Israel de tierra del aquilón, y de todas las tierras adonde los había yo echado; y habitarán en su tierra. 9 A causa de los profetas mi corazón está quebrantado en medio de mí, todos mis huesos tiemblan; estuve como hombre borracho, y como hombre á quien dominó el vino, delante de Jehová y delante de las palabras de su santidad. 10 Porque la tierra está llena de adúlteros: porque á causa del juramento la tierra está desierta; las cabañas del desierto se secaron; la carrera de ellos fué mala, y su fortaleza no derecha. 11 Porque así el profeta como el sacerdote son fingidos: aun en mi casa hallé su maldad, dice Jehová. 12 Por tanto, como resbaladeros en oscuridad les será su camino: serán empujados, y caerán en él: porque yo traeré mal sobre ellos, año de su visitación, dice Jehová. 13 Y en los profetas de Samaria he visto desatinos: profetizaban en Baal, é hicieron errar á mi pueblo Israel. 14 Y en los profetas de Jerusalem he visto torpezas: cometían adulterios, y andaban en mentiras, y esforzaban las manos de los malos, para que ninguno se convirtiese de su malicia: fuéronme todos ellos como Sodoma, y sus moradores como Gomorra. 15 Por tanto, así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos contra aquellos profetas: He aquí que yo les hago comer ajenjos, y les haré beber aguas de hiel; porque de los profetas de Jerusalem salió la hipocresía sobre toda la tierra. 16 Así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos: No escuchéis las palabras de los profetas que os profetizan: os hacen desvanecer; hablan visión de su corazón, no de la boca de Jehová. 17 Dicen atrevidamente á los que me irritan: Jehová dijo: Paz tendréis; y á cualquiera que anda tras la imaginación de su corazón, dijeron: No vendrá mal sobre vosotros. 18 Porque ¿quién estuvo en el secreto de Jehová, y vió, y oyó su palabra? ¿quién estuvo atento á su palabra, y oyó? 19 He aquí que la tempestad de Jehová saldrá con furor; y la tempestad que está aparejada, caerá sobre la cabeza de los malos. 20 No se apartará el furor de Jehová, hasta tanto que haya hecho, y hasta tanto que haya cumplido los pensamientos de su corazón: en lo postrero de los días lo entenderéis cumplidamente. 21 No envié yo aquellos profetas, y ellos corrían: yo no les hablé, y ellos profetizaban. 22 Y si ellos hubieran estado en mi secreto, también hubieran hecho oir mis palabras á mi pueblo; y les hubieran hecho volver de su mal camino, y de la maldad de sus obras. 23 ¿Soy yo Dios de poco acá, dice Jehová, y no Dios de mucho ha? 24 ¿Ocultaráse alguno, dice Jehová, en escondrijos que yo no lo vea? ¿No hincho yo, dice Jehová, el cielo y la tierra? 25 Yo he oído lo que aquellos profetas dijeron, profetizando mentira en mi nombre, diciendo: Soñé, soñé. 26 ¿Hasta cuándo será esto en el corazón de los profetas que profetizan mentira, y que profetizan el engaño de su corazón? 27 ¿No piensan como hacen á mi pueblo olvidarse de mi nombre con sus sueños que cada uno cuenta á su compañero, al modo que sus padres se olvidaron de mi nombre por Baal? 28 El profeta con quien fuere sueño, cuente sueño; y el con quien fuere mi palabra, cuente mi palabra verdadera. ¿Qué tiene que ver la paja con el trigo? dice Jehová. 29 ¿No es mi palabra como el fuego, dice Jehová, y como martillo que quebranta la piedra? 30 Por tanto, he aquí yo contra los profetas, dice Jehová, que hurtan mis palabras cada uno de su más cercano. 31 He aquí yo contra los profetas, dice Jehová, que endulzan sus lenguas, y dicen: El ha dicho. 32 He aquí yo contra los que profetizan sueños mentirosos, dice Jehová, y contáronlos, é hicieron errar á mi pueblo con sus mentiras y con sus lisonjas; y yo no los envié, ni les mandé; y ningún provecho hicieron á este pueblo, dice Jehová. 33 Y cuando te preguntare este pueblo, ó el profeta, ó el sacerdote, diciendo: ¿Qué es la carga de Jehová? les dirás: ¿Qué carga? Os dejaré, ha dicho Jehová. 34 Y el profeta, y el sacerdote, ó el pueblo, que dijere: Carga de Jehová; yo enviaré castigo sobre tal hombre y sobre su casa. 35 Así diréis cada cual á su compañero, y cada cual á su hermano: ¿Qué ha respondido Jehová, y qué habló Jehová? 36 Y nunca más os vendrá á la memoria decir: Carga de Jehová: porque la palabra de cada uno le será por carga; pues pervertisteis las palabras del Dios viviente, de Jehová de los ejércitos, Dios nuestro. 37 Así dirás al profeta: ¿Qué te respondió Jehová, y qué habló Jehová? 38 Mas si dijereis: Carga de Jehová: por eso Jehová dice así: Porque dijisteis esta palabra, Carga de Jehová, habiendo enviado á deciros: No digáis, Carga de Jehová: 39 Por tanto, he aquí que yo os echaré en olvido, y os arrancaré de mi presencia, y á la ciudad que os dí á vosotros y á vuestros padres; 40 Y pondré sobre vosotros afrenta perpetua, y eterna confusión que nunca borrará el olvido.

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Jeremías 23:1

Jr 23:1-40. The Wicked Rulers to Be Superseded by the King, Who Should Reign over the Again United Peoples, Israel and Judah.

This forms the epilogue to the denunciations of the four kings, in Jr 21:1-22:30.

1. pastors--Shallum, Jehoiakim, Jeconiah, and Zedekiah (Eze 34:2).

Jeremías 23:2

2. Ye have not ... visited them ... I will visit upon you--just retribution. Play upon the double sense of "visit." "Visit upon," namely, in wrath (Ex 32:34).

Jeremías 23:3-4

3-4. Restoration of Judah from Babylon foretold in language which in its fulness can only apply to the final restoration of both "Judah" and "Israel" (compare Jr 23:6); also "out of all countries," in this verse and Jr 23:8; also, "neither shall they be lacking," that is, none shall be missing or detached from the rest: a prophecy never yet fully accomplished. It holds good also of the spiritual Israel, the elect of both Jews and Gentiles (Mal 3:16, 17; Joh 10:28; 17:12). As to the literal Israel also, see Jr 32:37; Is 54:13; 60:21; Eze 34:11-16.

shepherds ... shall feed them--(Jr 3:15; Eze 34:23-31). Zerubbabel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and the Maccabees were but typical of the consummating fulfilment of these prophecies under Messiah.

Jeremías 23:5

5. As Messianic prophecy extended over many years in which many political changes took place in harmony with these, it displayed its riches by a variety more effective than if it had been manifested all at once. As the moral condition of the Jews required in each instance, so Messiah was exhibited in a corresponding phase, thus becoming more and more the soul of the nation's life: so that He is represented as the antitypical Israel (Is 49:3).

unto David--Hengstenberg observes that Isaiah dwells more on His prophetical and priestly office, which had already been partly set forth (De 18:18; Psa 110:4). Other prophets dwell more on His kingly office. Therefore here He is associated with "David" the king: but in Is 11:1 with the then poor and unknown "Jesse."

righteous Branch--"the Branch of righteousness" (Jr 33:15); "The Branch" simply (Zec 3:8; 6:12); "The Branch of the Lord" (Is 4:2).

prosper--the very term applied to Messiah's undertaking (Is 52:13, Margin; Is 53:10). Righteousness or justice is the characteristic of Messiah elsewhere, too, in connection with our salvation or justification (Is 53:11; Da 9:24; Zec 9:9). So in the New Testament He is not merely "righteous" Himself, but "righteousness to us" (1Co 1:30), so that we become "the righteousness of God in Him" (Ro 10:3, 4; 2Co 5:19-21; Php 3:9).

execute judgment and justice in the earth--(Psa 72:2; Is 9:7; 32:1, 18). Not merely a spiritual reign in the sense in which He is "our righteousness," but a righteous reign "in the earth" (Jr 3:17, 18). In some passages He is said to come to judge, in others to reign. In Mt 25:34, He is called "the King." Psa 9:7 unites them. Compare Da 7:22, 26, 27.

Jeremías 23:6

6. Judah ... Israel ... dwell safely--Compare Jr 33:16, where "Jerusalem" is substituted for "Israel" here. Only Judah, and that only in part, has as yet returned. So far are the Jews from having enjoyed, as yet, the temporal blessings here foretold as the result of Messiah's reign, that their lot has been, for eighteen centuries, worse than ever before. The accomplishment must, therefore, be still future, when both Judah and Israel in their own land shall dwell safely under a Christocracy, far more privileged than even the old theocracy (Jr 32:37; De 33:28; Is 54:1-17; 60:1-22; 65:17-25; Zec 14:11).

shall be called, the Lord--that is, shall be (Is 9:6) "Jehovah," God's incommunicable name. Though when applied to created things, it expresses only some peculiar connection they have with Jehovah (Ge 22:14; Ex 17:15), yet when applied to Messiah it must express His Godhead manifested in justifying power towards us (1Ti 3:16).

our--marks His manhood, which is also implied in His being a Branch raised unto David, whence His human title, "Son of David" (compare Mt 22:42-45).

Righteousness--marks His Godhead, for God alone can justify the ungodly (compare Ro 4:5; Is 45:17, 24, 25).

Jeremías 23:7-8

7-8. Repeated from Jr 16:14, 15. The prophet said the same things often, in order that his sayings might make the more impression. The same promise as in Jr 23:3, 4. The wide dispersion of the Jews at the Babylonish captivity prefigures their present wider dispersion (Is 11:11; Joe 3:6). Their second deliverance is to exceed far the former one from Egypt. But the deliverance from Babylon was inferior to that from Egypt in respect to the miracles performed and the numbers delivered. The final deliverance under Messiah must, therefore, be meant, of which that from Babylon was the earnest.

Jeremías 23:9

9. because of the prophets--so the Masorites and Targum. But Vulgate, Septuagint, &c., make this the inscription of the prophecy, Concerning the Prophets: as in Jr 46:2; 48:1; 49:1. Jeremiah expresses his horror at the so-called "prophets" not warning the people, though iniquity so fearfully abounded, soon to be followed by awful judgments.

bones shake--(Ha 3:16).

drunken--God's judgments are represented as stupefying like wine. The effects of the Holy Spirit also are compared to those of wine (Ac 2:17). In both cases ecstasy was produced. This accounts for the denial of wine to those likely to be inspired, Nazarites, &c. (Lu 1:15). It was necessary to put it out of men's power to ascribe inspired ecstasy to the effects of wine.

because of ... words of ... holiness--because of Jehovah's holy words, wherewith He threatened severe penalties, soon to be inflicted, against the breakers of His law.

Jeremías 23:10

10. adulterers--spiritual, that is, forsakers of God, Israel's true Husband (Is 54:5) for idols, at the instigation of the false "prophets" (Jr 23:9, 15). Literal adultery and fornication, the usual concomitants of idolatry, are also meant.

swearing--Maurer, &c., translate, "Because of the curse (of God on it), the land mourneth" (De 27:15-26; 28:15-68; Is 24:6). More than usual notoriety had been given to the curses of the law, by the finding and reading of it in Josiah's time (2Ki 22:11, &c.). But Ho 4:2, 3, favors English Version (compare Jr 12:4). A drought was sent by God on the pastures ("pleasant places," oases) in the desert, on account of the "profaneness" of the priests, prophets, and people (Jr 23:11).

course ... evil--They (both prophets and people) rush into wickedness (Jr 23:21; Is 59:7).

force ... not right--Their powers are used not on the side of rectitude, but on that of falsehood.

Jeremías 23:12

12. slippery ways in ... darkness--Their "way" is their false doctrine which proves fatal to them (Jr 13:16; Psa 35:6; Pr 4:19).

I will bring evil ... visitation--still more calamities than those already inflicted. See on Jr 11:23; "visitation," namely, in wrath.

Jeremías 23:13

13. folly--literally, "insipidity," "unsavouriness" (Job 6:6), not having the salt of godliness (Col 4:6).

in Baal--in the name of Baal; in connection with his worship (see Jr 2:8).

caused ... to err--(Is 9:16).

Jeremías 23:14

14. "Jerusalem" and Judah were even worse than "Samaria" and the ten tribes; the greater were the privileges of the former, the greater was their guilt. They had the temple in their midst, which the ten tribes had not; yet in the temple itself they practised idolatry.

strengthen ... hands of evildoers--(Eze 13:22).

as Sodom--(De 32:32; Is 1:10).

Jeremías 23:16

16. make you vain--They seduce you to vanity, that is, idolatry, which will prove a vain trust to you (Jr 2:5; 2Ki 17:15; Jon 2:8), [Gesenius]. Rather, "they delude you with vain promises of security" (Jr 23:17; compare Psa 62:10) [Maurer].

of their own heart--of their own invention (Jr 23:21; Jr 14:14).

Jeremías 23:17

17. say still--Hebrew, "say in saying," that is, say incessantly.

peace--(Jr 6:14; Eze 13:10; Zec 10:2).

imagination--Hebrew, "obstinacy."

no evil--(Mi 3:11).

Jeremías 23:18

18. A reason is given why the false prophets should not be heeded: They have not stood in the counsels of Jehovah (an image from ministers present in a standing posture at councils of Eastern kings) (compare Jr 23:22; Job 15:8). The spiritual man alone has the privilege (Ge 18:17; Psa 25:14; Am 3:7; Joh 15:15; 1Co 2:16).

Jeremías 23:19

19. So far from all prosperity awaiting the people as the false prophets say (Jr 23:17), wrath is in store for them.

grievous--literally, "eddying," whirling itself about, a tornado. In Jr 30:23, "continuing" is substituted for "grievous."

fall grievously--it shall be hurled on.

Jeremías 23:20

20. in ... latter days--that is, "the year of their visitation" (Jr 23:12). Primarily the meaning is: the Jews will not "consider" now God's warnings (De 32:29); but when the prophecies shall be fulfilled in their Babylonish exile, they will consider and see, by bitter experience, their sinful folly. The ultimate scope of the prophecy is: the Jews, in their final dispersion, shall at last "consider" their sin and turn to Messiah "perfectly" (Ho 3:5; Zec 12:5, 10-14; Lu 13:35).

Jeremías 23:21

21. sent ... spoken--"sent" refers to the primary call: "spoken" to the subsequent charges given to be executed. A call is required, not only external, on the part of men, but also internal from God, that one should undertake a pastor's office [Calvin].

Jeremías 23:22

22. stood in ... counsel--(Jr 23:18).

they should have turned them from their evil way--They would have given such counsels to the people as would have turned them from their sins (Jr 25:5; Is 55:11), and so would have averted punishment. Their not teaching the law in which God's counsel is set forth proves they are not His prophets, though they boast of being so (Mt 7:15-20).

Jeremías 23:23

23. Let not the false prophets fancy that their devices (Jr 23:25) are unknown to Me. Are ye so ignorant as to suppose that I can only see things near Me, namely, things in heaven, and not earthly things as being too remote?

Jeremías 23:24

24. (Psa 139:7, &c.; Am 9:2, 3).

fill heaven and earth--with My omniscience, providence, power, and essential being (1Ki 8:27).

Jeremías 23:25

25. dreamed--I have received a prophetic communication by dream (Nu 12:6; De 13:1, &c. Joe 2:28).

Jeremías 23:26

26. prophets--a different Hebrew form from the usual one, "prophesiers." "How long," cries Jeremiah, impatient of their impious audacity, "shall these prophecy-mongers go on prophesying lies?" The answer is given in Jr 23:29-34.

Jeremías 23:27

27. They "think" to make My people utterly to forget Me. But I will oppose to those dreamers my true prophets.

fathers ... for Baal--(Jud 3:7; 8:33, 34).

Jeremías 23:28

28. God answers the objection which might be stated, "What, then, must we do, when lies are spoken as truths, and prophets oppose prophets?" Do the same as when wheat is mixed with chaff: do not reject the wheat because of the chaff mixed with it, but discriminate between the false and the true revelations. The test is adherence to, or forgetfulness of, Me and My law (Jr 23:27).

that hath a dream--that pretends to have a divine communication by dream, let him tell it "faithfully," that it may be compared with "my word" (2Co 4:2). The result will be the former (both the prophets and their fictions) will soon be seen to be chaff; the latter (the true prophets and the word of God in their mouth) wheat (Psa 1:4; Ho 13:3).

Jeremías 23:29

29. As the "fire" consumes the "chaff," [Jr 23:28], so "My word" will consume the false prophets (Mt 3:12; He 4:12). "My word" which is "wheat" [Jr 23:28], that is, food to the true prophet and his hearers, is a consuming "fire," and a crushing "hammer" (Mt 21:44) to false prophets and their followers (2Co 2:16). The Word of the false prophets may be known by its promising men peace in sin. "My word," on the contrary, burns and breaks the hard-hearted (Jr 20:9). The "hammer" symbolizes destructive power (Jr 50:23; Na 2:1, Margin).

Jeremías 23:30

30. steal my words--a twofold plagiarism; one steals from the other, and all steal words from Jehovah's true prophets, but misapply them (see Jr 28:2; Joh 10:1; Re 22:19).

Jeremías 23:31

31. use--rather, "take" their tongue: a second class (compare Jr 23:30) require, in order to bring forth a revelation, nothing more than their tongues, wherewith they say, He (Jehovah) saith: they bungle in the very formula instead of the usual "Jehovah saith," being only able to say "(He) saith."

Jeremías 23:32

32. Third class: inventors of lies: the climax, and worst of the three.

lightness--wanton inventions (Zep 3:4).

not profit--that is, greatly injure.

Jeremías 23:33

33. What is the burden--play on the double sense of the Hebrew: an oracle and a burden. They scoffingly ask, Has he got any new burden (burdensome oracle: for all his prophecies are disasters) to announce (Mal 1:1)? Jeremiah indignantly repeats their own question, Do you ask, What burden? This, then, it is, "I will forsake you." My word is burdensome in your eyes, and you long to be rid if it. You shall get your wish. There will be no more prophecy: I will forsake you, and that will be a far worse "burden" to you.

Jeremías 23:34

34. The burden--Whoever shall in mockery call the Lord's word "a burden," shall be visited (Margin) in wrath.

Jeremías 23:35

35. The result of My judgments shall be, ye shall address the prophet more reverentially hereafter, no longer calling his message a burden, but a divine response or word. "What hath the Lord answered?"

Jeremías 23:36

36. every man's word ... his burden--As they mockingly call all prophecies burdens, as if calamities were the sole subject of prophecy, so it shall prove to them. God will take them at their own word.

living God--not lifeless as their dumb idols, ever living so as to be able to punish.

Jeremías 23:39

39. I will ... forget you--just retribution for their forgetting Him (Ho 4:6). But God cannot possibly forget His children (Is 49:15). Rather for "forget" translate, "I will altogether lift you up (like a 'burden,' alluding to their mocking term for God's messages) and cast you off." God makes their wicked language fall on their own head [Calvin]. Compare Jr 23:36: "every man's word shall be his burden."

Jeremías 23:40

40. not be forgotten--If we translate Jr 23:39 as English Version, the antithesis is, though I forget you, your shame shall not be forgotten.

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