Ezequiel 31
Reina Valera 1909 (RV1909) · Español
1 Y ACONTECIÓ en el año undécimo, en el mes tercero, al primero del mes, que fué á mí palabra de Jehová, diciendo: 2 Hijo del hombre, di á Faraón rey de Egipto, y á su pueblo: ¿A quién te comparaste en tu grandeza? 3 He aquí era el Asirio cedro en el Líbano, hermoso en ramas, y umbroso con sus ramos, y de grande altura, y su copa estaba entre densas ramas. 4 Las aguas lo hicieron crecer, encumbrólo el abismo: sus ríos iban alrededor de su pie, y á todos los árboles del campo enviaba sus corrientes. 5 Por tanto, se encumbró su altura sobre todos los árboles del campo, y multiplicáronse sus ramos, y á causa de las muchas aguas se alargaron sus ramas que había echado. 6 En sus ramas hacían nido todas las aves del cielo, y debajo de su ramaje parían todas las bestias del campo, y á su sombra habitaban muchas gentes. 7 Hízose, pues, hermoso en su grandeza con la extensión de sus ramas; porque su raíz estaba junto á muchas aguas. 8 Los cedros no lo cubrieron en el huerto de Dios: las hayas no fueron semejantes á sus ramas, ni los castaños fueron semejantes á sus ramos: ningún árbol en el huerto de Dios fué semejante á él en su hermosura. 9 Hícelo hermoso con la multitud de sus ramas; y todos los árboles de Edén, que estaban en el huerto de Dios, tuvieron de él envidia. 10 Por tanto, así dijo el Señor Jehová: Por cuanto te encumbraste en altura, y puso su cumbre entre densas ramas, y su corazón se elevó con su altura, 11 Yo lo entregaré en mano del fuerte de las gentes, que de cierto le manejará: por su impiedad lo he arrojado. 12 Y le cortarán extraños, los fuertes de las gentes, y lo abandonarán: sus ramas caerán sobre los montes y por todos los valles, y por todas las arroyadas de la tierra serán quebrados sus ramos; é iránse de su sombra todos los pueblos de la tierra, y lo dejarán. 13 Sobre su ruina habitarán todas las aves del cielo, y sobre su ramas estarán todas las bestias del campo: 14 Para que no se eleven en su altura los árboles todos de las aguas, ni levanten su cumbre entre las espesuras, ni en sus ramas se paren por su altura todos los que beben aguas: porque todos serán entregados á muerte, á la tierra baja, en medio de los hijos de los hombres, con los que descienden á la huesa. 15 Así ha dicho el Señor Jehová: El día que descendió á la sepultura, hice hacer luto, hice cubrir por él el abismo, y detuve sus ríos, y las muchas aguas fueron detenidas: y al Líbano cubrí de tinieblas por él, y todos los árboles del campo se desmayaron. 16 Del estruendo de su caída hice temblar las gentes, cuando les hice descender á la fosa con todos los que descienden á la sepultura; y todos los árboles de Edén escogidos, y los mejores del Líbano, todos los que beben aguas, tomaron consolación en la tierra baja. 17 También ellos descendieron con él á la fosa, con los muertos á cuchillo, los que fueron su brazo, los que estuvieron á su sombra en medio de las gentes. 18 ¿A quién te has comparado así en gloria y en grandeza entre los árboles de Edén? Pues derribado serás con los árboles de Edén en la tierra baja: entre los incircuncisos yacerás, con los muertos á cuchillo. Este es Faraón y todo su pueblo, dice el Señor Jehová.
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Ezequiel 31:1
Eze 31:1-18. The Overthrow of Egypt Illustrated by That of Assyria.
Not that Egypt was, like Assyria, utterly to cease to be, but it was, like Assyria, to lose its prominence in the empire of the world.
1. third month--two months later than the prophecy delivered in Eze 30:20.
Ezequiel 31:2
2. Whom art thou like--The answer is, Thou art like the haughty king of Assyria; as he was overthrown by the Chaldeans, so shalt thou be by the same.
Ezequiel 31:3
3. He illustrates the pride and the consequent overthrow of the Assyrian, that Egypt may the better know what she must expect.
cedar in Lebanon--often eighty feet high, and the diameter of the space covered by its boughs still greater: the symmetry perfect. Compare the similar image (Eze 17:3; Da 4:20-22).
with a shadowing shroud--with an overshadowing thicket.
top ... among ... thick boughs--rather [Hengstenberg], "among the clouds." But English Version agrees better with the Hebrew. The top, or topmost shoot, represents the king; the thick boughs, the large resources of the empire.
Ezequiel 31:4
4. waters ... little rivers--the Tigris with its branches and "rivulets," or "conduits" for irrigation, the source of Assyria's fertility. "The deep" is the ever flowing water, never dry. Metaphorically, for Assyria's resources, as the "conduits" are her colonies.
Ezequiel 31:5
5. when he shot forth--because of the abundant moisture which nourished him in shooting forth. But see Margin.
Ezequiel 31:6
Ezequiel 31:8
8. cedars ... could not hide him--could not outtop him. No other king eclipsed him.
were not like--were not comparable to.
garden of God--As in the case of Tyre (Eze 28:13), the imagery, that is applied to the Assyrian king, is taken from Eden; peculiarly appropriate, as Eden was watered by rivers that afterwards watered Assyria (Ge 2:10-14). This cedar seemed to revive in itself all the glories of paradise, so that no tree there outtopped it.
Ezequiel 31:9
9. I ... made him--It was all due to My free grace.
Ezequiel 31:10
10. thou ... he--The change of persons is because the language refers partly to the cedar, partly to the person signified by the cedar.
Ezequiel 31:11
11. Here the literal supersedes the figurative.
shall surely deal with him--according to his own pleasure, and according to the Assyrian's (Sardanapalus) desert. Nebuchadnezzar is called "the mighty one" (El, a name of God), because he was God's representative and instrument of judgment (Da 2:37, 38).
Ezequiel 31:12
12. from his shadow--under which they had formerly dwelt as their covert (Eze 31:6).
Ezequiel 31:13
13. Birds and beasts shall insult over his fallen trunk.
Ezequiel 31:14
14. trees by the waters--that is, that are plentifully supplied by the waters: nations abounding in resources.
stand up in their height--that is, trust in their height: stand upon it as their ground of confidence. Fairbairn points the Hebrew differently, so as for "their trees," to translate, "(And that none that drink water may stand) on themselves, (because of their greatness)." But the usual reading is better, as Assyria and the confederate states throughout are compared to strong trees. The clause, "All that drink water," marks the ground of the trees' confidence "in their height," namely, that they have ample sources of supply. Maurer, retaining the same Hebrew, translates, "that neither their terebinth trees may stand up in their height, nor all (the other trees) that drink water."
Ezequiel 31:15
15. covered the deep--as mourners cover their heads in token of mourning, "I made the deep that watered the cedar" to wrap itself in mourning for him. The waters of the deep are the tributary peoples of Assyria (Re 17:15).
fainted--literally, were "faintness" (itself); more forcible than the verb.
Ezequiel 31:16
16. hell--Sheol or Hades, the unseen world: equivalent to, "I cast him into oblivion" (compare Is 14:9-11).
shall be comforted--because so great a king as the Assyrian is brought down to a level with them. It is a kind of consolation to the wretched to have companions in misery.
Ezequiel 31:17
17. his arm, that dwelt under his shadow--those who were the helpers or tool of his tyranny, and therefore enjoyed his protection (for example, Syria and her neighbors). These were sure to share her fate. Compare the same phrase as to the Jews living under the protection of their king (La 4:20); both alike "making flesh their arm, and in heart departing from the Lord" (Jr 17:5).
Ezequiel 31:18
18. Application of the parabolic description of Assyria to the parallel case of Egypt. "All that has been said of the Assyrian consider as said to thyself. To whom art thou so like, as thou art to the Assyrian? To none." The lesson on a gigantic scale of Eden-like privileges abused to pride and sin by the Assyrian, as in the case of the first man in Eden, ending in ruin, was to be repeated in Egypt's case. For the unchangeable God governs the world on the same unchangeable principles.
thou shall lie in ... uncircumcised--As circumcision was an object of mocking to thee, thou shall lie in the midst of the uncircumcised, slain by their sword [Grotius]. Retribution in kind (Eze 28:10).
This is Pharaoh--Pharaoh's end shall be the same humiliating one as I have depicted the Assyrian's to have been. "This" is demonstrative, as if he were pointing with the finger to Pharaoh lying prostrate, a spectacle to all, as on the shore of the Red Sea (Ex 14:30, 31).
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