Levítico 14

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1 Jehová habló a Moisés y le dijo: 2 «Esta será la ley para el afectado por una enfermedad cutánea el día de su purificación: será llevado al sacerdote. 3 El sacerdote saldrá fuera del campamento y lo examinará. Si la lesión de la enfermedad cutánea se ha curado en el afectado, 4 el sacerdote mandará que se tomen para el que se purifica dos aves vivas y puras, madera de cedro, hilo escarlata e hisopo. 5 El sacerdote mandará que se degüelle una de las aves sobre una vasija de barro que contenga agua de manantial. 6 Tomará el ave viva, la madera de cedro, el hilo escarlata y el hisopo y los mojará, junto con el ave viva, en la sangre del ave degollada sobre el agua de manantial. 7 Rociará siete veces al que se purifica de la enfermedad cutánea, lo declarará puro y soltará el ave viva en campo abierto. 8 El que se purifica lavará su ropa, se rasurará todo el pelo y se bañará con agua, y quedará puro. Después podrá entrar en el campamento, pero permanecerá fuera de su tienda durante siete días. 9 Al séptimo día se rasurará todo el pelo: el de la cabeza, la barba y las cejas; se rasurará todo su pelo. Lavará su ropa y bañará su cuerpo con agua, y quedará puro. 10 Al octavo día tomará dos corderos sin defecto, una cordera de un año sin defecto, unos seis litros de harina fina como ofrenda de cereal amasada con aceite y aproximadamente una taza de aceite. 11 El sacerdote que lo purifica presentará al hombre que se purifica y estas ofrendas delante de Jehová, a la entrada de la tienda de reunión. 12 El sacerdote tomará uno de los corderos y lo presentará como ofrenda por la culpa, junto con la taza de aceite; los mecerá como ofrenda mecida delante de Jehová. 13 Degollará el cordero en el lugar donde se degüellan la ofrenda por el pecado y el holocausto, en el lugar santo. Porque, al igual que la ofrenda por el pecado, la ofrenda por la culpa pertenece al sacerdote; es santísima. 14 El sacerdote tomará de la sangre de la ofrenda por la culpa, y el sacerdote la pondrá en el lóbulo de la oreja derecha del que se purifica, en el pulgar de su mano derecha y en el dedo gordo de su pie derecho. 15 El sacerdote tomará un poco de la taza de aceite y lo derramará en la palma de su mano izquierda. 16 El sacerdote mojará el dedo de su mano derecha en el aceite que tiene en la palma izquierda y rociará con su dedo parte del aceite siete veces delante de Jehová. 17 Del aceite que le queda en la palma, el sacerdote pondrá un poco en el lóbulo de la oreja derecha del que se purifica, en el pulgar de su mano derecha y en el dedo gordo de su pie derecho, sobre la sangre de la ofrenda por la culpa. 18 El aceite que quede en la palma del sacerdote lo pondrá sobre la cabeza del que se purifica. El sacerdote hará expiación por él delante de Jehová. 19 El sacerdote presentará la ofrenda por el pecado y hará expiación por el que se purifica de su impureza. Después degollará el holocausto. 20 El sacerdote presentará sobre el altar el holocausto y la ofrenda de cereal. El sacerdote hará expiación por él, y quedará puro. 21 Pero si el que se purifica es pobre y no le alcanza, tomará un cordero para la ofrenda por la culpa, como ofrenda mecida para hacer expiación por él, unos dos litros de harina fina amasada con aceite para la ofrenda de cereal y aproximadamente una taza de aceite, 22 y dos tórtolas o dos pichones de paloma, según sus posibilidades, uno para la ofrenda por el pecado y el otro para el holocausto. 23 Al octavo día los llevará al sacerdote para su purificación, a la entrada de la tienda de reunión, delante de Jehová. 24 El sacerdote tomará el cordero de la ofrenda por la culpa y la taza de aceite, y el sacerdote los mecerá como ofrenda mecida delante de Jehová. 25 Degollará el cordero de la ofrenda por la culpa; el sacerdote tomará de la sangre de la ofrenda por la culpa y la pondrá en el lóbulo de la oreja derecha del que se purifica, en el pulgar de su mano derecha y en el dedo gordo de su pie derecho. 26 El sacerdote derramará parte del aceite en la palma de su mano izquierda. 27 Con el dedo de su mano derecha, el sacerdote rociará siete veces delante de Jehová parte del aceite que tiene en la palma izquierda. 28 El sacerdote pondrá parte del aceite que tiene en la palma en el lóbulo de la oreja derecha del que se purifica, en el pulgar de su mano derecha y en el dedo gordo de su pie derecho, en el lugar donde se puso la sangre de la ofrenda por la culpa. 29 El aceite que quede en la palma del sacerdote lo pondrá sobre la cabeza del que se purifica, para hacer expiación por él delante de Jehová. 30 Ofrecerá una de las tórtolas o uno de los pichones de paloma que haya podido conseguir: 31 según sus posibilidades, uno como ofrenda por el pecado y el otro como holocausto, junto con la ofrenda de cereal. El sacerdote hará expiación por el que se purifica delante de Jehová. 32 Esta es la ley para quien tenga una lesión de una enfermedad cutánea y no cuente con recursos suficientes para su purificación». 33 Jehová habló a Moisés y a Aarón y les dijo: 34 «Cuando entren en la tierra de Canaán, que les doy como posesión, si yo hago aparecer una mancha de moho en una casa de la tierra que les pertenece, 35 el dueño de la casa irá a informar al sacerdote: “He visto en la casa algo que parece una mancha”. 36 El sacerdote mandará vaciar la casa antes de que él entre a examinar la mancha, para que no quede impuro todo lo que haya en la casa. Después el sacerdote entrará a examinar la casa. 37 Examinará la mancha; si la mancha en las paredes de la casa presenta zonas hundidas verdosas o rojizas, que parecen más profundas que la superficie de la pared, 38 el sacerdote saldrá de la casa hasta su entrada y cerrará la casa durante siete días. 39 Al séptimo día el sacerdote volverá y la examinará. Si la mancha se ha extendido por las paredes de la casa, 40 el sacerdote mandará que retiren las piedras que tengan la mancha y las arrojen fuera de la ciudad, a un lugar impuro. 41 Hará raspar todo el interior de la casa, y arrojarán el material raspado fuera de la ciudad, a un lugar impuro. 42 Tomarán otras piedras y las pondrán en el lugar de aquellas piedras; se tomará otra mezcla y se revocará la casa. 43 Pero si la mancha vuelve a brotar en la casa después de que se hayan retirado las piedras, raspado la casa y revocado sus paredes, 44 el sacerdote irá y la examinará. Si la mancha se ha extendido por la casa, es moho destructivo en la casa; es impura. 45 Se derribará la casa, con sus piedras, sus maderos y toda la mezcla de la casa, y se llevará todo fuera de la ciudad, a un lugar impuro. 46 El que entre en la casa durante los días que permanezca cerrada quedará impuro hasta el anochecer. 47 El que se acueste en la casa lavará su ropa, y el que coma en la casa lavará su ropa. 48 Pero si el sacerdote entra y la examina y ve que la mancha no se ha extendido por la casa después de haberla revocado, el sacerdote declarará pura la casa, porque el moho ha desaparecido. 49 Para purificar la casa tomará dos aves, madera de cedro, hilo escarlata e hisopo. 50 Degollará una de las aves sobre una vasija de barro que contenga agua de manantial. 51 Tomará la madera de cedro, el hisopo, el hilo escarlata y el ave viva, los mojará en la sangre del ave degollada y en el agua de manantial, y rociará la casa siete veces. 52 Purificará la casa con la sangre del ave, con el agua de manantial, con el ave viva, con la madera de cedro, con el hisopo y con el hilo escarlata. 53 Soltará el ave viva fuera de la ciudad, en campo abierto; hará expiación por la casa, y quedará pura. 54 Esta es la ley acerca de toda lesión de una enfermedad cutánea y de la erupción costrosa, 55 del moho de las prendas y de las casas, 56 de la hinchazón, de la erupción y de la mancha brillante, 57 para enseñar cuándo se es impuro y cuándo se es puro. Esta es la ley acerca de la enfermedad cutánea y del moho».

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Levítico 14:2-3

Le 14:1-57. The Rites and Sacrifices in Cleansing of the Leper.

2-3. law of the leper in the day of his cleansing--Though quite convalescent, a leper was not allowed to return to society immediately and at his own will. The malignant character of his disease rendered the greatest precautions necessary to his re-admission among the people. One of the priests most skilled in the diagnostics of disease [Grotius], being deputed to attend such outcasts, the restored leper appeared before this official, and when after examination a certificate of health was given, the ceremonies here described were forthwith observed outside the camp.

Levítico 14:4

4. two birds--literally, "sparrows." The Septuagint, however, renders the expression "little birds"; and it is evident that it is to be taken in this generic sense from their being specified as "clean"--a condition which would have been altogether superfluous to mention in reference to sparrows. In all the offerings prescribed in the law, Moses ordered only common and accessible birds; and hence we may presume that he points here to such birds as sparrows or pigeons, as in the desert it might have been very difficult to procure wild birds alive.

cedar-wood, and scarlet, and hyssop--The cedar here meant was certainly not the famous tree of Lebanon, and it is generally supposed to have been the juniper, as several varieties of that shrub are found growing abundantly in the clefts and crevices of the Sinaitic mountains. A stick of this shrub was bound to a bunch of hyssop by a scarlet ribbon, and the living bird was to be so attached to it, that when they dipped the branches in the water, the tail of the bird might also be moistened, but not the head nor the wings, that it might not be impeded in its flight when let loose.

Levítico 14:5-9

5-9. the priest shall command that one of the birds be killed ... over running water--As the blood of a single bird would not have been sufficient to immerse the body of another bird, it was mingled with spring water to increase the quantity necessary for the appointed sprinklings, which were to be repeated seven times, denoting a complete purification. (See 2Ki 5:10; Psa 51:2; Mt 8:4; Lu 5:14). The living bird being then set free, in token of the leper's release from quarantine, the priest pronounced him clean; and this official declaration was made with all solemnity, in order that the mind of the leper might be duly impressed with a sense of the divine goodness, and that others might be satisfied they might safely hold intercourse with him. Several other purifications had to be gone through during a series of seven days, and the whole process had to be repeated on the seventh, ere he was allowed to re-enter the camp. The circumstance of a priest being employed seems to imply that instruction suitable to the newly recovered leper would be given, and that the symbolical ceremonies used in the process of cleansing leprosy would be explained. How far they were then understood we cannot tell. But we can trace some instructive analogies between the leprosy and the disease of sin, and between the rites observed in the process of cleansing leprosy and the provisions of the Gospel. The chief of these analogies is that as it was only when a leper exhibited a certain change of state that orders were given by the priest for a sacrifice, so a sinner must be in the exercise of faith and penitence ere the benefits of the gospel remedy can be enjoyed by him. The slain bird and the bird let loose are supposed to typify, the one the death, and the other the resurrection of Christ; while the sprinklings on him that had been leprous typified the requirements which led a believer to cleanse himself from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit, and to perfect his holiness in the fear of the Lord.

Levítico 14:10-20

10-20. on the eighth day he shall take two he lambs without blemish, and one ewe-lamb of the first year without blemish--The purification of the leper was not completed till at the end of seven days, after the ceremonial of the birds [Le 14:4-7] and during which, though permitted to come into the camp, he had to tarry abroad out of his tent [Le 14:8], from which he came daily to appear at the door of the tabernacle with the offerings required. He was presented before the Lord by the priest that made him clean. And hence it has always been reckoned among pious people the first duty of a patient newly restored from a long and dangerous sickness to repair to the church to offer his thanksgiving, where his body and soul, in order to be an acceptable offering, must be presented by our great Priest, whose blood alone makes any clean. The offering was to consist of two lambs, the one was to be a sin offering, and an ephah of fine flour (two pints equals one-tenth), and one log (half pint) of oil (Le 2:1). One of the lambs was for a trespass offering, which was necessary from the inherent sin of his nature or from his defilement of the camp by his leprosy previous to his expulsion; and it is remarkable that the blood of the trespass offering was applied exactly in the same particular manner to the extremities of the restored leper, as that of the ram in the consecration of the priests [Le 8:23]. The parts sprinkled with this blood were then anointed with oil--a ceremony which is supposed to have borne this spiritual import: that while the blood was a token of forgiveness, the oil was an emblem of healing--as the blood of Christ justifies, the influence of the Spirit sanctifies. Of the other two lambs the one was to be a sin offering and the other a burnt offering, which had also the character of a thank offering for God's mercy in his restoration. And this was considered to make atonement "for him"; that is, it removed that ceremonial pollution which had excluded him from the enjoyment of religious ordinances, just as the atonement of Christ restores all who are cleansed through faith in His sacrifice to the privileges of the children of God.

Levítico 14:21-32

21-32. if he be poor, and cannot get so much; then he shall take one lamb--a kind and considerate provision for an extension of the privilege to lepers of the poorer class. The blood of their smaller offering was to be applied in the same process of purification and they were as publicly and completely cleansed as those who brought a costlier offering (Ac 10:34).

Levítico 14:34-57

34-48. leprosy in a house--This law was prospective, not to come into operation till the settlement of the Israelites in Canaan. The words, "I put the leprosy," has led many to think that this plague was a judicial infliction from heaven for the sins of the owner; while others do not regard it in this light, it being common in Scripture to represent God as doing that which He only permits in His providence to be done. Assuming it to have been a natural disease, a new difficulty arises as to whether we are to consider that the house had become infected by the contagion of leprous occupiers; or that the leprosy was in the house itself. It is evident that the latter was the true state of the case, from the furniture being removed out of it on the first suspicion of disease on the walls. Some have supposed that the name of leprosy was analogically applied to it by the Hebrews, as we speak of cancer in trees when they exhibit corrosive effects similar to what the disease so named produces on the human body; while others have pronounced it a mural efflorescence or species of mildew on the wall apt to be produced in very damp situations, and which was followed by effects so injurious to health as well as to the stability of a house, particularly in warm countries, as to demand the attention of a legislator. Moses enjoined the priests to follow the same course and during the same period of time for ascertaining the true character of this disease as in human leprosy. If found leprous, the infected parts were to be removed. If afterwards there appeared a risk of the contagion spreading, the house was to be destroyed altogether and the materials removed to a distance. The stones were probably rough, unhewn stones, built up without cement in the manner now frequently used in fences and plastered over, or else laid in mortar. The oldest examples of architecture are of this character. The very same thing has to be done still with houses infected with mural salt. The stones covered with the nitrous incrustation must be removed, and if the infected wall is suffered to remain, it must be plastered all over anew.

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