Jeremías 18
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1 Esta es la palabra que llegó a Jeremías de parte de Jehová: 2 «Levántate y baja a la casa del alfarero; allí te haré oír mis palabras». 3 Bajé a la casa del alfarero, y él estaba trabajando en el torno. 4 La vasija de barro que hacía se echó a perder en la mano del alfarero. Entonces volvió a hacer con ella otra vasija, como al alfarero le pareció mejor hacerla. 5 La palabra de Jehová me llegó, diciendo: 6 «¿No puedo hacer con ustedes como este alfarero, casa de Israel? —declara Jehová—. Como el barro en la mano del alfarero, así están ustedes en mi mano, casa de Israel. 7 En un momento anuncio contra una nación o un reino que lo arrancaré, lo derribaré y lo destruiré; 8 pero si esa nación contra la que hablé se vuelve de su maldad, desistiré de la calamidad que había pensado traer sobre ella. 9 En otro momento anuncio acerca de una nación o un reino que lo edificaré y lo plantaré; 10 pero si hace lo malo a mis ojos y no escucha mi voz, desistiré del bien que había dicho que le haría. 11 Ahora di a los hombres de Judá y a los habitantes de Jerusalén: “Así dice Jehová: estoy moldeando una calamidad contra ustedes y trazando un plan contra ustedes. Vuélvanse, cada uno de su mal camino; enmienden sus caminos y sus acciones”. 12 Pero dirán: “¡Es inútil! Seguiremos nuestros propios planes, y cada uno actuará conforme a la terquedad de su malvado corazón”». 13 Por eso, así dice Jehová: «Pregunten entre las naciones: ¿quién ha oído algo semejante? La virgen de Israel ha hecho algo sumamente horrible. 14 ¿Abandona la nieve del Líbano las rocas agrestes? ¿Se agotan las aguas frías que fluyen de lejos? 15 Pero mi pueblo me ha olvidado; queman incienso a lo que es vanidad. Los han hecho tropezar en sus caminos, en las sendas antiguas, para que anden por senderos, por un camino sin preparar, 16 y conviertan su tierra en desolación, en objeto de burla perpetua. Todo el que pase por ella se horrorizará y moverá la cabeza. 17 Como viento del este los dispersaré delante del enemigo; les mostraré la espalda y no el rostro en el día de su calamidad». 18 Entonces dijeron: «Vengan, tramemos planes contra Jeremías, porque no faltará la instrucción al sacerdote, ni el consejo al sabio, ni la palabra al profeta. Vengan, ataquémoslo con la lengua y no prestemos atención a ninguna de sus palabras». 19 Préstame atención, Jehová, y escucha la voz de mis adversarios. 20 ¿Se pagará el bien con el mal? Han cavado una fosa para quitarme la vida. Recuerda que me presenté ante ti para hablar a favor de ellos, para apartar de ellos tu furor. 21 Por eso entrega sus hijos al hambre y abandónalos al poder de la espada. Que sus mujeres queden sin hijos y viudas; que sus hombres sean muertos y sus jóvenes caigan a espada en la batalla. 22 Que se oigan gritos en sus casas cuando traigas de repente contra ellos una banda de saqueadores, porque han cavado una fosa para atraparme y han escondido trampas a mis pies. 23 Pero tú, Jehová, conoces todos sus planes para matarme. No perdones su culpa ni borres de tu presencia su pecado. Que sean derribados delante de ti; actúa contra ellos en el tiempo de tu ira.
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Jeremías 18:2
Jr 18:1-23. God, as the Sole Sovereign, Has an Absolute Right to Deal with Nations According to Their Conduct towards Him; Illustrated in a Tangible Form by the Potter's Moulding of Vessels from Clay.
2. go down--namely, from the high ground on which the temple stood, near which Jeremiah exercised his prophetic office, to the low ground, where some well-known (this is the force of "the") potter had his workshop.
Jeremías 18:3
3. wheels--literally, "on both stones." The potter's horizontal lathe consisted of two round plates, the lower one larger, the upper smaller; of stone originally, but afterwards of wood. On the upper the potter moulded the clay into what shapes he pleased. They are found represented in Egyptian remains. In Ex 1:16 alone is the Hebrew word found elsewhere, but in a different sense.
Jeremías 18:4
4. marred--spoiled. "Of clay" is the true reading, which was corrupted into "as clay" (Margin), through the similarity of the two Hebrew letters, and from Jr 18:6, "as the clay."
Jeremías 18:6
6. Refuting the Jews' reliance on their external privileges as God's elect people, as if God could never cast them off. But if the potter, a mere creature, has power to throw away a marred vessel and raise up other clay from the ground, a fortiori God, the Creator, can cast away the people who prove unfaithful to His election and can raise others in their stead (compare Is 45:9; 64:8; Ro 9:20, 21). It is curious that the potter's field should have been the purchase made with the price of Judas' treachery (Mt 27:9, 10: a potter's vessel dashed to pieces, compare Psa 2:8, 9; Re 2:27), because of its failing to answer the maker's design, being the very image to depict God's sovereign power to give reprobates to destruction, not by caprice, but in the exercise of His righteous judgment. Matthew quotes Zechariah's words (Zec 11:12, 13) as Jeremiah's because the latter (Jr 18:1-19:15) was the source from which the former derived his summary in Zec 11:12, 13 [Hengstenberg].
Jeremías 18:7
7. At what instant--in a moment, when the nation least expects it. Hereby he reminds the Jews how marvellously God had delivered them from their original degradation, that is, In one and the same day ye were the most wretched, and then the most favored of all people [Calvin].
Jeremías 18:8
8. their evil--in antithesis to, "the evil that I thought to do."
repent--God herein adapts Himself to human conceptions. The change is not in God, but in the circumstances which regulate God's dealings: just as we say the land recedes from us when we sail forth, whereas it is we who recede from the land (Eze 18:21; 33:11). God's unchangeable principle is to do the best that can be done under all circumstances; if then He did not take into account the moral change in His people (their prayers, &c.), He would not be acting according to His own unchanging principle (Jr 18:9, 10). This is applied practically to the Jews' case (Jr 18:11; see Jr 26:3; Jon 3:10).
Jeremías 18:11
11. frame evil--alluding to the preceding image of "the potter," that is, I, Jehovah, am now as it were the potter framing evil against you; but in the event of your repenting, it is in My power to frame anew My course of dealing towards you.
return, &c.--(2Ki 17:13).
Jeremías 18:12
12. no hope--Thy threats and exhortations are all thrown away (Jr 2:25). Our case is desperate; we are hopelessly abandoned to our sins and their penalty. In this and the following clauses, "We will walk after our own devices," Jeremiah makes them express the real state of the case, rather than the hypocritical subterfuges which they would have been inclined to put forth. So Is 30:10, 11.
Jeremías 18:13
13. (Jr 2:10, 11). Even among the heathen it was a thing unheard of, that a nation should lay aside its gods for foreign gods, though their gods are false gods. But Israel forsook the true God for foreign false gods.
virgin of Israel--(2Ki 19:21). It enhances their guilt, that Israel was the virgin whom God had specially betrothed to Him.
horrible thing--(Jr 5:30).
Jeremías 18:14
14. Is there any man (living near it) who would leave the snow of Lebanon (that is, the cool melted snow water of Lebanon, as he presently explains), which cometh from the rock of the field (a poetical name for Lebanon, which towers aloft above the surrounding field, or comparatively plain country)? None. Yet Israel forsakes Jehovah, the living fountain close at hand, for foreign broken cisterns. Jr 17:13; 2:13, accord with English Version here. Maurer translates, "Shall the snow of Lebanon cease from the rock to water (literally, 'forsake') My fields" (the whole land around being peculiarly Jehovah's)? Lebanon means the "white mountain"; so called from the perpetual snow which covers that part called Hermon, stretching northeast of Palestine.
that come from another place--that come from far, namely, from the distant lofty rocks of Lebanon. Henderson translates, "the compressed waters," namely, contracted within a narrow channel while descending through the gorges of the rocks; "flowing" may in this view be rather "flowing down" (So 4:15). But the parallelism in English Version is better, "which cometh from the rock," "that cometh from another place."
be forsaken--answering to the parallel, "Will a man leave," &c. Maurer translates, "dry up," or "fail" (Is 19:5); the sense thus being, Will nature ever turn aside from its fixed course? The "cold waters" (compare Pr 25:25) refer to the perennial streams, fed from the partial melting of the snow in the hot weather.
Jeremías 18:15
15. Because--rather, "And yet"; in defiance of the natural order of things.
forgotten me--(Jr 2:32). This implies a previous knowledge of God, whereas He was unknown to the Gentiles; the Jews' forgetting of God, therefore, arose from determined perversity.
they have caused ... to stumble--namely the false prophets and idolatrous priests have.
ancient paths--(Jr 6:16): the paths which their pious ancestors trod. Not antiquity indiscriminately, but the example of the fathers who trod the right way, is here commended.
them--the Jews.
not cast up--not duly prepared: referring to the raised center of the road. Calvin translates, "not trodden." They had no precedent of former saints to induce them to devise for themselves a new worship.
Jeremías 18:16
16. hissing--(1Ki 9:8). In sign of contempt. That which was to be only the event is ascribed to the purpose of the people, although altogether different from what they would have been likely to hope for. Their purpose is represented as being the destruction of their country, because it was the inevitable result of their course of acting.
wag ... head--in mockery (2Ki 19:21; Mt 27:39). As "wag ... head" answers to "hissing," so "astonished" answers to "desolate," for which, therefore, Munster and others rather translate, "an object of wonder" (Jr 19:8).
Jeremías 18:17
17. as with an east wind--literally, "I will scatter them, as an east wind (scatters all before it)": a most violent wind (Job 27:21; Psa 48:7; Is 27:8). Thirty-two manuscripts read (without as), "with an east wind."
I will show them the back ... not ... face--just retribution: as "they turned their back unto Me ... not their face" (Jr 2:27).
Jeremías 18:18
18. (Jr 11:19). Let us bring a capital charge against him, as a false prophet; "for (whereas he foretells that this land shall be left without priests to teach the law, Mal 2:7; without scribes to explain its difficulties; and without prophets to reveal God's will), the law shall not perish from the prophet," &c.; since God has made these a lasting institution in His church, and the law declares they shall never perish (Le 6:18; 10:11; compare Jr 5:12) [Grotius].
the wise--scribes and elders joined to the priests. Perhaps they mean to say, we must have right on our side, in spite of Jeremiah's words against us and our prophets (Jr 28:15, 16; 29:25, 32; 5:31); "for the law shall not perish," &c. I prefer Grotius' explanation.
with ... tongue--by a false accusation (Psa 57:4; 64:3; 12:4; 50:19). "For the tongue" (Margin), that is, for his speaking against us. "In the tongue," that is, let us kill him, that he may speak no more against us [Castalio].
Jeremías 18:19
19. Give heed--contrasted with, "let us not give heed" (Jr 18:18). As they give no heed to me, do Thou, O Lord, give heed to me, and let my words at least have their weight with Thee.
Jeremías 18:20
Jeremías 18:21
21. pour out their blood by the force of the sword--literally, "by the hands of the sword." So Eze 35:5. Maurer with Jerome translates, "deliver them over to the power of the sword." But compare Psa 63:10, Margin; Is 53:12. In this prayer he does not indulge in personal revenge, as if it were his own cause that was at stake; but he speaks under the dictation of the Spirit, ceasing to intercede, and speaking prophetically, knowing they were doomed to destruction as reprobates; for those not so, he doubtless ceased not to intercede. We are not to draw an example from this, which is a special case.
put to death--or, as in Jr 15:2, "perish by the death plague" [Maurer].
men ... young men--Horsley distinguishes the former as married men past middle age; the latter, the flower of unmarried youth.
Jeremías 18:22
Jeremías 18:23
23. forgive not--(Psa 109:9, 10, 14).
blot out--image from an account-book (Re 20:12).
before thee--Hypocrites suppose God is not near, so long as they escape punishment; but when He punishes, they are said to stand before Him, because they can no longer flatter themselves they can escape His eye (compare Psa 90:8).
deal thus--exert Thy power against them [Maurer].
time of thine anger--Though He seems to tarry, His time shall come at last (Ec 8:11, 12; 2Pe 3:9, 10).
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