Isaías 50
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1 Así dice Jehová: «¿Dónde está la carta de divorcio de su madre, con la que la despedí? ¿O a cuál de mis acreedores los he vendido? Miren, por sus iniquidades fueron vendidos, y por sus rebeliones fue despedida su madre. 2 ¿Por qué, cuando vine, no había nadie, y cuando llamé, nadie respondió? ¿Se ha acortado tanto mi mano que no puede rescatar? ¿O no tengo poder para librar? Miren, con mi reprensión seco el mar y convierto los ríos en desierto; sus peces se pudren por falta de agua y mueren de sed. 3 Visto los cielos de oscuridad y hago de tela áspera su cubierta». 4 El Señor Jehová me ha dado lengua de discípulo, para que sepa sostener con una palabra al cansado. Mañana tras mañana me despierta; despierta mi oído para escuchar como los discípulos. 5 El Señor Jehová me ha abierto el oído; no me rebelé ni retrocedí. 6 Ofrecí mi espalda a los que me golpeaban y mis mejillas a los que me arrancaban la barba; no escondí mi rostro de los insultos y los salivazos. 7 El Señor Jehová me ayuda; por eso no he sido humillado. Por eso he puesto mi rostro como un pedernal, y sé que no seré avergonzado. 8 Cerca está el que me justifica. ¿Quién contenderá conmigo? Comparezcamos juntos. ¿Quién es el adversario de mi causa? Que se acerque a mí. 9 Miren, el Señor Jehová me ayuda; ¿quién es el que me condenará? Miren, todos ellos se gastarán como una vestidura; la polilla se los comerá. 10 ¿Quién entre ustedes teme a Jehová y obedece la voz de su siervo? El que camina en tinieblas y no tiene luz, que confíe en el nombre de Jehová y se apoye en su Dios. 11 «Miren, todos ustedes que encienden fuego y se rodean de antorchas: caminen a la luz de su fuego y de las antorchas que han encendido. Esto les vendrá de mi mano: yacerán en dolor».
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Isaías 50:1
Is 50:1-11. The Judgments on Israel Were Provoked by Their Crimes, yet They Are Not Finally Cast Off by God.
1. Where ... mothers divorcement--Zion is "the mother"; the Jews are the children; and God the Husband and Father (Is 54:5; 62:5; Jr 3:14). Gesenius thinks that God means by the question to deny that He had given "a bill of divorcement" to her, as was often done on slight pretexts by a husband (De 24:1), or that He had "sold" His and her "children," as a poor parent sometimes did (Ex 21:7; 2Ki 4:1; Ne 5:5) under pressure of his "creditors"; that it was they who sold themselves through their own sins. Maurer explains, "Show the bill of your mother's divorcement, whom ... ; produce the creditors to whom ye have been sold; so it will be seen that it was not from any caprice of Mine, but through your own fault, your mother has been put away, and you sold" (Is 52:3). Horsley best explains (as the antithesis between "I" and "yourselves" shows, though Lowth translates, "Ye are sold") I have never given your mother a regular bill of divorcement; I have merely "put her away" for a time, and can, therefore, by right as her husband still take her back on her submission; I have not made you, the children, over to any "creditor" to satisfy a debt; I therefore still have the right of a father over you, and can take you back on repentance, though as rebellious children you have sold yourselves to sin and its penalty (1Ki 21:25).
bill ... whom--rather, "the bill with which I have put her away" [Maurer].
Isaías 50:2
2. I--Messiah.
no man--willing to believe in and obey Me (Is 52:1, 3). The same Divine Person had "come" by His prophets in the Old Testament (appealing to them, but in vain, Jr 7:25, 26), who was about to come under the New Testament.
hand shortened--the Oriental emblem of weakness, as the long stretched-out hand is of power (Is 59:1). Notwithstanding your sins, I can still "redeem" you from your bondage and dispersion.
dry up ... sea--(Ex 14:21). The second exodus shall exceed, while it resembles in wonders, the first (Is 11:11, 15; 51:15).
make ... rivers ... wilderness--turn the prosperity of Israel's foes into adversity.
fish stinketh--the very judgment inflicted on their Egyptian enemies at the first exodus (Ex 7:18, 21).
Isaías 50:3
Isaías 50:4
4. Messiah, as "the servant of Jehovah" (Is 42:1), declares that the office has been assigned to Him of encouraging the "weary" exiles of Israel by "words in season" suited to their case; and that, whatever suffering it is to cost Himself, He does not shrink from it (Is 50:5, 6), for that He knows His cause will triumph at last (Is 50:7, 8).
learned--not in mere human learning, but in divinely taught modes of instruction and eloquence (Is 49:2; Ex 4:11; Mt 7:28, 29; 13:54).
speak a word in season--(Pr 15:23; 25:11). Literally, "to succor by words," namely, in their season of need, the "weary" dispersed ones of Israel (De 28:65-67). Also, the spiritual "weary" (Is 42:3; Mt 11:28).
wakeneth morning by morning, &c.--Compare "daily rising up early" (Jr 7:25; Mr 1:35). The image is drawn from a master wakening his pupils early for instruction.
wakeneth ... ear--prepares me for receiving His divine instructions.
as the learned--as one taught by Him. He "learned obedience," experimentally, "by the things which He suffered"; thus gaining that practical learning which adapted Him for "speaking a word in season" to suffering men (He 5:8).
Isaías 50:5
5. opened ... ear--(See on Is 42:20; Is 48:8); that is, hath made me obediently attentive (but Maurer, "hath informed me of my duty"), as a servant to his master (compare Psa 40:6-8, with Php 2:7; Is 42:1; 49:3, 6; 52:13; 53:11; Mt 20:28; Lu 22:27).
not rebellious--but, on the contrary, most willing to do the Father's will in proclaiming and procuring salvation for man, at the cost of His own sufferings (He 10:5-10).
Isaías 50:6
6. smiters--with scourges and with the open hand (Is 52:14; Mr 14:65). Literally fulfilled (Mt 27:26; 26:27; Lu 18:33). To "pluck the hair" is the highest insult that can be offered an Oriental (2Sa 10:4; La 3:30). "I gave" implies the voluntary nature of His sufferings; His example corresponds to His precept (Mt 5:39).
spitting--To spit in another's presence is an insult in the East, much more on one; most of all in the face (Job 30:10; Mt 27:30; Lu 18:32).
Isaías 50:7
Isaías 50:8
8. (Is 49:4). The believer, by virtue of his oneness with Christ, uses the same language (Psa 138:8; Ro 8:32-34). But "justify" in His case, is God's judicial acceptance and vindication of Him on the ground of His own righteousness (Lu 23:44-47; Ro 1:4; 1Ti 3:16, with which compare 1Pe 3:18); in their case, on the ground of His righteousness and meritorious death imputed to them (Ro 5:19).
stand together--in judgment, to try the issue.
adversary--literally, "master of my cause," that is, who has real ground of accusation against me, so that he can demand judgment to be given in his favor (compare Zec 3:1, &c. Re 12:10).
Isaías 50:9
Isaías 50:10
10. Messiah exhorts the godly after His example (Is 49:4, 5; 42:4) when in circumstances of trial ("darkness," Is 47:5), to trust in the arm of Jehovah alone.
Who is, &c.--that is, Whosoever (Jud 7:3).
obeyeth ... servant--namely, Messiah. The godly "honor the Son, even as they honor the Father" (Joh 5:23).
darkness--(Mi 7:8, 9). God never had a son who was not sometimes in the dark. For even Christ, His only Son, cried out, "My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me?"
light--rather, "splendor"; bright sunshine; for the servant of God is never wholly without "light" [Vitringa]. A godly man's way may be dark, but his end shall be peace and light. A wicked man's way may be bright, but his end shall be utter darkness (Psa 112:4; 97:11; 37:24).
let him trust in the name of the Lord--as Messiah did (Is 50:8, 9).
Isaías 50:11
11. In contrast to the godly (Is 50:10), the wicked, in times of darkness, instead of trusting in God, trust in themselves (kindle a light for themselves to walk by) (Ec 11:9). The image is continued from Is 50:10, "darkness"; human devices for salvation (Pr 19:21; 16:9, 25) are like the spark that goes out in an instant in darkness (compare Job 18:6; 21:17, with Psa 18:28).
sparks--not a steady light, but blazing sparks extinguished in a moment.
walk--not a command, but implying that as surely as they would do so, they should lie down in sorrow (Jr 3:25). In exact proportion to mystic Babylon's previous "glorifying" of herself shall be her sorrow (Mt 25:30; 8:12; Re 18:7).
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