2 Samuel 5

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1 Todas las tribus de Israel llegaron a donde estaba David en Hebrón y le dijeron: «Aquí estamos. Somos hueso tuyo y carne tuya. 2 Ya antes, cuando Saúl era rey sobre nosotros, tú eras quien hacía salir y entrar a Israel. Además, Jehová te dijo: “Tú pastorearás a mi pueblo Israel y serás gobernante sobre Israel”». 3 Todos los ancianos de Israel llegaron ante el rey en Hebrón. Allí el rey David hizo un pacto con ellos delante de Jehová, y ungieron a David como rey sobre Israel. 4 David tenía treinta años cuando comenzó a reinar, y reinó cuarenta años. 5 En Hebrón reinó sobre Judá siete años y seis meses, y en Jerusalén reinó treinta y tres años sobre todo Israel y Judá. 6 El rey y sus hombres fueron a Jerusalén contra los jebuseos que habitaban el país. Estos le dijeron a David: «No entrarás aquí. Hasta los ciegos y los cojos te rechazarán». Con ello querían decir: «David no entrará aquí». 7 Pero David tomó la fortaleza de Sion, que es la Ciudad de David. 8 Aquel día David dijo: «Quien ataque a los jebuseos, que llegue al canal de agua y ataque a los cojos y a los ciegos, aborrecidos por David». Por eso se dice: «Ni el ciego ni el cojo entrarán en la casa». 9 David se estableció en la fortaleza y la llamó Ciudad de David. Edificó alrededor, desde el Milo hacia el interior. 10 David se hacía cada vez más grande, y Jehová, Dios de los ejércitos, estaba con él. 11 Hiram, rey de Tiro, envió mensajeros a David, junto con madera de cedro, carpinteros y canteros para levantar muros. Ellos edificaron una casa para David. 12 David comprendió que Jehová lo había establecido como rey sobre Israel y había engrandecido su reino por causa de su pueblo Israel. 13 Después de llegar de Hebrón, David tomó más concubinas y esposas de Jerusalén, y le nacieron más hijos e hijas. 14 Estos son los nombres de los que le nacieron en Jerusalén: Samúa, Sobab, Natán y Salomón; 15 Ibhar, Elisúa, Nefeg y Jafía; 16 Elisama, Eliada y Elifelet. 17 Cuando los filisteos oyeron que David había sido ungido rey sobre Israel, todos subieron a buscarlo. David se enteró y bajó a la fortaleza. 18 Los filisteos llegaron y se desplegaron en el valle de Refaim. 19 David consultó a Jehová: «¿Debo subir contra los filisteos? ¿Los entregarás en mis manos?». Jehová le respondió: «Sube, porque sin duda entregaré a los filisteos en tus manos». 20 David llegó a Baal-perazim y allí los derrotó. Dijo: «Jehová ha abierto una brecha entre mis enemigos delante de mí, como irrumpen las aguas». Por eso llamó a aquel lugar Baal-perazim. 21 Los filisteos abandonaron allí sus ídolos, y David y sus hombres se los llevaron. 22 Los filisteos volvieron a subir y se desplegaron en el valle de Refaim. 23 David consultó a Jehová, y él le respondió: «No subas. Rodéalos por detrás y acércate a ellos frente a las balsameras. 24 Cuando oigas ruido de pasos en las copas de las balsameras, actúa con decisión, porque entonces Jehová habrá salido delante de ti para atacar el campamento de los filisteos». 25 David hizo tal como Jehová le había ordenado y derrotó a los filisteos desde Geba hasta llegar a Gezer.

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2 Samuel 5:1-2

2Sa 5:1-5. The Tribes Anoint David King over Israel.

1-2. Then came all the tribes of Israel--a combined deputation of the leading authorities in every tribe. [See on 1Ch 11:1.] David possessed the first and indispensable qualification for the throne; namely, that of being an Israelite (De 17:15). Of his military talent he had furnished ample proof. And the people's desire for his assumption of the government of Israel was further increased by their knowledge of the will and purpose of God, as declared by Samuel (1Sa 16:11-13).

2 Samuel 5:3

3. King David made a league with them in Hebron before the Lord--(see on 1Sa 10:17). This formal declaration of the constitution was chiefly made at the commencement of a new dynasty, or at the restoration of the royal family after a usurpation (2Ki 11:17), though circumstances sometimes led to its being renewed on the accession of any new sovereign (1Ki 12:4). It seems to have been accompanied by religious solemnities.

2Sa 5:6-12. He Takes Zion from the Jebusites.

2 Samuel 5:6

6. the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites--The first expedition of David, as king of the whole country, was directed against this place, which had hitherto remained in the hands of the natives. It was strongly fortified and deemed so impregnable that the blind and lame were sent to man the battlements, in derisive mockery of the Hebrew king's attack, and to shout, "David cannot come in hither." To understand the full meaning and force of this insulting taunt, it is necessary to bear in mind the depth and steepness of the valley of Gihon, and the lofty walls of the ancient Canaanitish fortress.

2 Samuel 5:7

7. the stronghold of Zion--Whether Zion be the southwestern hill commonly so-called, or the peak now level on the north of the temple mount, it is the towering height which catches the eye from every quarter--"the hill fort," "the rocky hold" of Jerusalem.

2 Samuel 5:8

8. Whosoever getteth up to the gutter--This is thought by some to mean a subterranean passage; by others a spout through which water was poured upon the fire which the besiegers often applied to the woodwork at the gateways, and by the projections of which a skilful climber might make his ascent good; a third class render the words, "whosoever dasheth them against the precipice" (1Ch 11:6).

2 Samuel 5:9

9. David dwelt in the fort, &c.--Having taken it by storm, he changed its name to "the city of David," to signify the importance of the conquest, and to perpetuate the memory of the event.

David built round about from Millo and inward--probably a row of stone bastions placed on the northern side of Mount Zion, and built by David to secure himself on that side from the Jebusites, who still lived in the lower part of the city. The house of Millo was perhaps the principal corner tower of that fortified wall.

2 Samuel 5:11-12

11-12. Hiram ... sent carpenters, and masons--The influx of Tyrian architects and mechanics affords a clear evidence of the low state to which, through the disorders of long-continued war, the better class of artisans had declined in Israel.

2Sa 5:13-16. Eleven Sons Born to Him.

2 Samuel 5:13

13. David took him more concubines and wives--In this conduct David transgressed an express law, which forbade the king of Israel to multiply wives unto himself (De 17:17).

2Sa 5:17-25. He Smites the Philistines.

2 Samuel 5:17

17. when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king over Israel--During the civil war between the house of Saul and David, those restless neighbors had remained quiet spectators of the contest. But now, jealous of David, they resolved to attack him before his government was fully established.

2 Samuel 5:18

18. valley of Rephaim--that is, "of giants," a broad and fertile plain, which descends gradually from the central mountains towards the northwest. It was the route by which they marched against Jerusalem. The "hold" to which David went down "was some fortified place where he might oppose the progress of the invaders," and where he signally defeated them.

2 Samuel 5:21

21. there they left their images--probably their "lares" or household deities, which they had brought into the field to fight for them. They were burnt as ordained by law (De 7:5).

2 Samuel 5:22

22. the Philistines came up yet again--The next year they renewed their hostile attempt with a larger force, but God manifestly interposed in David's favor.

2 Samuel 5:24

24. the sound of a going in the tops of the mulberry trees--now generally thought not to be mulberry trees, but some other tree, most probably the poplar, which delights in moist situations, and the leaves of which are rustled by the slightest movement of the air [Royle].

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