1 Samuel 16
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1 Jehová le dijo a Samuel: «¿Hasta cuándo seguirás de duelo por Saúl, si yo lo he rechazado como rey de Israel? Llena tu cuerno de aceite y ve. Te envío a Isaí, de Belén, porque he escogido para mí un rey entre sus hijos». 2 Samuel respondió: «¿Cómo voy a ir? Si Saúl se entera, me matará». Jehová dijo: «Lleva contigo una ternera y di: “He venido a ofrecer un sacrificio a Jehová”. 3 Invita a Isaí al sacrificio. Yo te indicaré qué debes hacer, y ungirás para mí al que yo te diga». 4 Samuel hizo lo que Jehová le había dicho y llegó a Belén. Los ancianos de la ciudad salieron temblando a su encuentro y preguntaron: «¿Vienes en paz?». 5 Él respondió: «Sí, en paz. He venido a ofrecer un sacrificio a Jehová. Conságrense y vengan conmigo al sacrificio». Luego consagró a Isaí y a sus hijos y los invitó al sacrificio. 6 Cuando llegaron, Samuel vio a Eliab y pensó: «Sin duda, el ungido de Jehová está aquí, delante de él». 7 Pero Jehová le dijo a Samuel: «No te fijes en su apariencia ni en su gran estatura, porque lo he rechazado. Jehová no mira lo que mira el hombre; el hombre mira lo que está delante de sus ojos, pero Jehová mira el corazón». 8 Entonces Isaí llamó a Abinadab y lo hizo pasar delante de Samuel, quien dijo: «Tampoco a este ha escogido Jehová». 9 Luego Isaí hizo pasar a Sama, pero Samuel dijo: «Tampoco a este ha escogido Jehová». 10 Isaí hizo pasar a siete de sus hijos delante de Samuel. Pero Samuel le dijo a Isaí: «Jehová no ha escogido a ninguno de estos». 11 Samuel le preguntó a Isaí: «¿Son estos todos tus hijos?». Él respondió: «Todavía queda el menor, pero está cuidando las ovejas». Samuel le dijo: «Manda a buscarlo, porque no nos sentaremos a la mesa hasta que llegue aquí». 12 Isaí mandó a buscarlo y lo trajeron. Era de tez sonrosada, de hermosos ojos y de buen aspecto. Jehová dijo: «Levántate y úngelo, porque este es». 13 Samuel tomó el cuerno de aceite y lo ungió en medio de sus hermanos. Desde aquel día en adelante, el Espíritu de Jehová vino con poder sobre David. Después Samuel se levantó y regresó a Ramá. 14 El Espíritu de Jehová se apartó de Saúl, y un espíritu malo de parte de Jehová lo atormentaba. 15 Los servidores de Saúl le dijeron: «Un espíritu malo de parte de Dios te está atormentando. 16 Que nuestro señor ordene a tus servidores, que están a tu disposición, buscar a un hombre que sepa tocar la lira. Cuando el espíritu malo de parte de Dios venga sobre ti, él tocará con su mano y sentirás alivio». 17 Saúl les dijo a sus servidores: «Búsquenme un hombre que toque bien y tráiganlo». 18 Uno de los jóvenes respondió: «He visto a un hijo de Isaí, de Belén, que sabe tocar. Es valiente, un hombre de guerra, prudente al hablar y de buen aspecto, y Jehová está con él». 19 Saúl envió mensajeros a Isaí para decirle: «Envíame a tu hijo David, el que cuida las ovejas». 20 Isaí tomó un asno cargado de pan, un odre de vino y un cabrito, y los envió a Saúl por medio de su hijo David. 21 David llegó a Saúl y se puso a su servicio. Saúl le tomó mucho cariño, y David se convirtió en su escudero. 22 Saúl envió a decir a Isaí: «Te ruego que David permanezca a mi servicio, porque ha encontrado favor ante mí». 23 Cada vez que el espíritu de parte de Dios venía sobre Saúl, David tomaba la lira y tocaba con su mano. Saúl encontraba alivio y se sentía mejor, y el espíritu malo se apartaba de él.
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1 Samuel 16:1
1Sa 16:1-10. Samuel Sent by God to Bethlehem.
1. the Lord said unto Samuel, How long wilt thou mourn for Saul--Samuel's grief on account of Saul's rejection, accompanied, doubtless, by earnest prayers for his restitution, showed the amiable feelings of the man; but they were at variance with his public duty as a prophet. The declared purpose of God to transfer the kingdom of Israel into other hands than Saul's was not an angry menace, but a fixed and immutable decree; so that Samuel ought to have sooner submitted to the peremptory manifestation of the divine will. But to leave him no longer room to doubt of its being unalterable, he was sent on a private mission to anoint a successor to Saul (see on 1Sa 10:1). The immediate designation of a king was of the greatest importance for the interests of the nation in the event of Saul's death, which, to this time, was dreaded; it would establish David's title and comfort the minds of Samuel and other good men with a right settlement, whatever contingency might happen.
I have provided me a king--The language is remarkable, and intimates a difference between this and the former king. Saul was the people's choice, the fruit of their wayward and sinful desires for their own honor and aggrandizement. The next was to be a king who would consult the divine glory, and selected from that tribe to which the pre-eminence had been early promised (Ge 49:10).
1 Samuel 16:2
2. How can I go?--This is another instance of human infirmity in Samuel. Since God had sent him on this mission, He would protect him in the execution.
I am come to sacrifice--It seems to have been customary with Samuel to do this in the different circuits to which he went, that he might encourage the worship of God.
1 Samuel 16:3
3. call Jesse to the sacrifice--that is, the social feast that followed the peace offering. Samuel, being the offerer, had a right to invite any guest he pleased.
1 Samuel 16:4
4. the elders of the town trembled at his coming--Beth-lehem was an obscure town, and not within the usual circuit of the judge. The elders were naturally apprehensive, therefore, that his arrival was occasioned by some extraordinary reason, and that it might entail evil upon their town, in consequence of the estrangement between Samuel and the king.
1 Samuel 16:5
5. sanctify yourselves--by the preparations described (Ex 19:14, 15). The elders were to sanctify themselves. Samuel himself took the greatest care in the sanctification of Jesse's family. Some, however, think that the former were invited only to join in the sacrifice, while the family of Jesse were invited by themselves to the subsequent feast.
1 Samuel 16:6-10
6-10. Samuel said, Surely the Lord's anointed is before him--Here Samuel, in consequence of taking his impressions from the external appearance, falls into the same error as formerly (1Sa 10:24).
1Sa 16:11-14. He Anoints David.
1 Samuel 16:11
11. There remaineth yet the youngest, and, behold, he keepeth the sheep--Jesse having evidently no idea of David's wisdom and bravery, spoke of him as the most unfit. God, in His providence, so ordered it, that the appointment of David might the more clearly appear to be a divine purpose, and not the design either of Samuel or Jesse. David having not been sanctified with the rest of his family, it is probable that he returned to his pastoral duties the moment the special business on which he had been summoned was done.
1 Samuel 16:12
12. he was ruddy, &c.--Josephus says that David was ten, while most modern commentators are of the opinion that he must have been fifteen years of age.
1 Samuel 16:13
13. Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him--This transaction must have been strictly private.
1 Samuel 16:14-18
14-18. The Spirit of the Lord departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the Lord troubled him--His own gloomy reflections, the consciousness that he had not acted up to the character of an Israelitish king, the loss of his throne, and the extinction of his royal house, made him jealous, irritable, vindictive, and subject to fits of morbid melancholy.
1 Samuel 16:19
19. Saul sent messengers unto Jesse, and said, Send me David--In the East the command of a king is imperative; and Jesse, however reluctant and alarmed, had no alternative but to comply.
1 Samuel 16:20
20. Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them ... unto Saul--as a token of homage and respect.
1 Samuel 16:21
21. David came to Saul--Providence thus prepared David for his destiny, by placing him in a way to become acquainted with the manners of the court, the business of government, and the general state of the kingdom.
became his armour-bearer--This choice, as being an expression of the king's partiality, shows how honorable the office was held to be.
1 Samuel 16:23
23. David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well--The ancients believed that music had a mysterious influence in healing mental disorders.
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