Jeremias 52
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1 Zedequias era de idade de vinte e um anos quando começou a reinar, e reinou onze anos em Jerusalém. Sua mãe se chamava Hamutal, filha de Jeremias, de Libna. 2 E ele fez o que era mal aos olhos do SENHOR, conforme tudo o que Jeoaquim fizera. 3 E por isso a ira do SENHOR foi contra Jerusalém e Judá, até que ele os expulsou de sua presença; assim Zedequias se rebelou contra o rei da Babilônia. 4 E aconteceu no nono ano de seu reinado, no decimo mês, aos dez dias do mês, que veio Nabucodonosor rei da Babilônia, ele e todo seu exército, contra Jerusalém, e contra ela montaram um acampamento, e ao redor por todos os lados levantaram cercos contra ela. 5 Assim a cidade esteve cercada até o décimo primeiro ano do rei Zedequias. 6 No quarto mês, aos nove do mês, quando a fome havia dominado a cidade, até não haver pão para o povo da terra; 7 Então a cidade foi arrombada, e todos os homens de guerra fugiram, e saíram da cidade de noite, pelo caminho de porta de entre os dois muros, que era perto do jardim do rei, e foram-se pelo caminho de Arabá, enquanto os caldeus estavam ao redor da cidade. 8 Porém o exército dos caldeus perseguiu o rei, e alcançaram a Zedequias nas planícies de Jericó; e todo o seu exército se dispersou dele. 9 Então prenderam ao rei, e fizeram-lhe vir ao rei de Babilônia, a Ribla na terra de Hamate, onde pronunciou sentença contra ele. 10 E o rei da Babilônia degolou os filhos de Zedequias diante de seus olhos; e também degolou a todos os príncipes de Judá em Ribla. 11 Mas Zedequias porém cegou os olhos, e o acorrentou com grilhões de bronze; e o rei da Babilônia o levou à Babilônia, e o pôs na casa do cárcere até o dia de sua morte. 12 E no quinto mês, aos dez do mês (que era o décimo nono ano do reinado de Nabucodonosor, rei de Babilônia), Nebuzaradã, capitão da guarda, que servia diante do rei de Babilônia, veio a Jerusalém; 13 E queimou a casa do SENHOR, a casa do rei, e todas as casas de Jerusalém; e queimou com fogo todo grande edifício. 14 E todo o exército dos caldeus que estava com o capitão da guarda derrubou todos os muros que estavam ao redor de Jerusalém. 15 E Nebuzaradã, capitão da guarda, levou presos os pobres do povo, e ao demais do povo, que restaram na cidade, e os rebeldes que se haviam se rendido ao rei de Babilônia, e todo o resto dos artesãos. 16 Mas Nebuzaradã, capitão da guarda, deixou dos mais pobres daquela terra para serem cultivadores de vinhas e lavradores. 17 E os caldeus quebraram as colunas de bronze que estavam na casa do SENHOR, as bases, e o mar de bronze que estavam na casa do SENHOR, e levaram todo o bronze à Babilônia. 18 Tomaram também os caldeirões, as pás, os cortadores de pavios, as bacias, os pratos, e todos os vasos de bronze com que faziam o serviço no templo; 19 E o capitão da guarda tomou os copos, os incensários, as bacias, as panelas, os castiçais, os pratos, e vasos de ofertas de líquidos: tudo o que era de ouro ou de prata. 20 As duas colunas, o mar, e os doze bois de bronze que estavam debaixo das bases, que o rei Salomão tinha feito na casa do SENHOR. não se podia pesar o bronze de todos estes vasos. 21 Quanto às colunas, a altura de cada coluna era de dezoito côvados, e um fio de doze côvados a rodeava; e sua espessura era de quatro dedos, e era oca. 22 E tinha sobre si um capitel de bronze, e a altura do capitel era de cinco côvados, com uma rede e romãs ao redor do capitel, tudo de bronze; e semelhante a esta era o da segunda coluna, com suas romãs. 23 E havia noventa e seis romãs em cada lado; ao todo elas eram cem sobre a rede ao redor. 24 O capitão da guarda também tomou a Seraías o sacerdote principal, e a Sofonias o segundo sacerdote, e três guardas da porta. 25 E da cidade tomou a um eunuco que era comandante sobre os homens de guerra, e a sete homens que serviam na presença do rei, que se acharam na cidade; e também ao principal escrivão do exército, que registrava o povo da terra para a guerra; e a sessenta homens do povo da terra, que se acharam no meio da cidade. 26 Então Nebuzaradã, capitão da guarda, os tomou, e os levou ao rei de Babilônia, a Ribla. 27 E o rei de Babilônia os feriu e os matou em Ribla na terra de Hamate. Assim Judá foi levado cativo de sua terra. 28 Este é o povo que Nabucodonosor levou cativo; no sétimo ano, três mil e vinte e três judeus: 29 No décimo oitavo ano Nabucodonosor, levou cativas de Jerusalém oitocentas e trinta e duas pessoas; 30 No vigésimo terceiro ano de Nabucodonosor, Nebuzaradã capitão da guarda levou cativas setecentas e quarenta e cinco pessoas dos judeus; no total foram quatro mil e seiscentas pessoas. 31 Sucedeu, pois, no trigésimo sétimo ano de cativeiro de Joaquim rei de Judá, no décimo segundo mês, aos vinte e cinco do mês, que Evil-Merodaque, rei da Babilônia, no primeiro ano de seu reinado, concedeu perdão a Joaquim rei de Judá, e o tirou da casa de prisão; 32 E falou com ele benignamente; e pôs sua cadeira com mais honra do que as cadeiras dos reis que estavam com ele em Babilônia. 33 E mudou-lhe também as roupas de sua prisão, e continuamente comeu pão diante dele, todos os dias de sua vida. 34 E continuamente foi-lhe dada provisão pelo rei da Babilônia, uma porção diária, até o dia de sua morte, por todos os dias de sua vida.
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Jeremias 52:3
Jr 52:1-34. Written by Some Other than Jeremiah (Probably Ezra) AS AN Historical Supplement to the Previous Prophecies
(See on Jr 51:64). Jeremiah, having already (thirty-ninth and fortieth chapters) given the history in the proper place, was not likely to repeat it here. Its canonical authority as inspired is shown by its being in the Septuagint version. It contains the capture and burning of Jerusalem, &c., Zedekiah's punishment, and the better treatment of Jehoiachin under Evil-merodach, down to his death. These last events were probably subsequent to Jeremiah's time.
3. through ... anger of ... Lord ... Zedekiah rebelled--His "anger" against Jerusalem, determining Him to "cast out" His people "from His presence" heretofore manifested there, led Him to permit Zedekiah to rebel (2Ki 23:26, 27; compare Ex 9:12; 10:1; Ro 9:18). That rebellion, being in violation of his oath "by God," was sure to bring down God's vengeance (2Ch 36:13; Eze 17:15, 16, 18).
Jeremias 52:4
4. forts--rather, towers of wood [Kimchi], for watching the movements of the besieged from the height and annoying them with missiles.
Jeremias 52:7
7. (See on Jr 39:4).
Jeremias 52:9
Jeremias 52:11
11. Eze 12:13: "I will bring him to Babylon ... yet shall he not see it."
prison--literally, "the house of visitations," or "punishments," that is, where there was penal work enforced on the prisoners, such as grinding. Hence the Septuagint renders it "the house of the mill." So Samson, after his eyes were put out, "ground" in the Philistine prison-house (Jud 16:21).
Jeremias 52:12
12. tenth day--But in 2Ki 25:8, it is said "the seventh day." Nebuzara-dan started from Riblah on the "seventh" day and arrived in Jerusalem on the "tenth" day. Seeming discrepancies, when cleared up, confirm the genuineness of Scripture; for they show there was no collusion between the writers; as in all God's works there is latent harmony under outward varieties.
Jeremias 52:13
13. all the houses ... and all the houses of the great--the "and" defines what houses especially are meant, namely, the houses of the great men.
Jeremias 52:15
15. poor of ... people--added to the account in 2Ki 25:11. "The poor of the people" are of the city, as distinguished from "the poor of the land," that is, of the country.
Jeremias 52:17
17. brake--that they might be more portable. Fulfilling the prophecy (Jr 27:19). See 1Ki 7:15, 23, 27, 50. Nothing is so particularly related here as the carrying away of the articles in the temple. The remembrance of their beauty and preciousness heightens the bitterness of their loss and the evil of sin which caused it.
brass ... brazen--rather "copper ... of copper."
Jeremias 52:18
18. (Ex 27:3).
Jeremias 52:19
19. of gold in gold--implying that the articles were of solid gold and silver respectively, not of a different metal inside, or alloyed [Grotius]. Whole: not breaking them as was done to the "brass" (Jr 52:17).
Jeremias 52:20
20. bulls ... under the bases--But the bulls were not "under the bases," but under the sea (1Ki 7:25, 27, 38); the ten bases were not under the sea, but under the ten lavers. In English Version, "bases," therefore, must mean the lower parts of the sea under which the bulls were. Rather, translate, "the bulls were in the place of (that is, 'by way of'; so the Hebrew, 1Sa 14:9), bases," or supports to the sea [Buxtorf]. So the Septuagint. 2Ki 25:16 omits the "bulls," and has "and the bases"; so Grotius here reads "the bulls (which were) under (the sea) and the bases."
Jeremias 52:21
21. eighteen cubits--but in 2Ch 3:15, it is "thirty-five cubits." The discrepancy is thus removed. Each pillar was eighteen common cubits. The two together, deducting the base, were thirty-five, as stated in 2Ch 3:15 [Grotius]. Other ways (for example, by reference to the difference between the common and the sacred cubit) are proposed: though we are not able positively to decide now which is the true way, at least those proposed do show that the discrepancies are not irreconcilable.
Jeremias 52:22
22. five cubits--so 1Ki 7:16. But 2Ki 25:17 has "three cubits." There were two parts in the chapiter: the one lower and plain, of two cubits; the other, higher and curiously carved, of three cubits. The former is omitted in 2Ki 25:17, as belonging to the shaft of the pillar; the latter alone is there mentioned. Here the whole chapiter of five cubits is referred to.
Jeremias 52:23
23. on a side--literally, (on the side) towards the air or wind, that is, the outside of the capitals of the pillars conspicuous to the eye, opposed to the four remaining pomegranates which were not seen from the outside. The pomegranates here are ninety-six; but in 1Ki 7:20 they are two hundred on each chapiter, and four hundred on the two (2Ch 4:13). It seems there were two rows of them, one above the other, and in each row a hundred. They are here said to be ninety-six, but immediately following one hundred, and so in 1Ki 7:20. Four seem to have been unseen to one looking from one point; and the ninety-six are only those that could be seen [Vatablus]; or, the four omitted here are those separating the four sides, one pomegranate at each point of separation (or at the four corners) between the four sides [Grotius].
Jeremias 52:24
Jeremias 52:25
25. seven men--but in 2Ki 25:19 it is "five." Perhaps two were less illustrious persons and are therefore omitted.
principal scribe of the host--(Is 33:18). His office was to preside over the levy and enroll recruits. Rawlinson observes that the Assyrian records are free from the exaggerated expressions found in the Egyptian. A minute account was taken of the spoil. Two "scribes of the host" are seen in every bas-relief, writing down the various objects brought to them: the heads of the slain, the prisoners, cattle, sheep, &c.
Jeremias 52:28
28. seventh year--in 2Ki 24:12, 14, 16, it is said "the eighth year" of Nebuchadnezzar. No doubt it was in part about the end of the seventh year, in part about the beginning of the eighth. Also in 2Ki 24:1-20, ten thousand (Jr 52:14), and seven thousand men of might, and a thousand craftsmen (Jr 52:16), are said to have been carried away, But here three thousand twenty-three. Probably the latter three thousand twenty-three were of the tribe of Judah, the remaining seven thousand out of the ten thousand were of the other tribes, out of which many Israelites still had been left in the land. The thousand "craftsmen" were exclusive of the ten thousand, as appears, by comparing 2Ki 24:14 with Jr 52:16. Probably the three thousand twenty-three of Judah were first removed in the end of "the seventh year"; the seven thousand and a thousand craftsmen in the "eighth year." This was at the first captivity under Jehoiachin.
Jeremias 52:29
29. eighteenth year--when Jerusalem was taken. But in Jr 52:15, and 2Ki 25:8, "the nineteenth year." Probably it was at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth [Lyra].
eight hundred and thirty and two--The most illustrious persons are meant, who no doubt were carried away first, at the end of the eighteenth year.
Jeremias 52:30
30. Not recorded in Kings or Chronicles. Probably it took place during the commotions that followed the death of Gedaliah (Jr 41:18; 2Ki 25:26).
four thousand and six hundred--The exact sum-total of the numbers specified here, namely, three thousand twenty-three, eight hundred thirty-two, seven hundred forty-five, not including the general multitude and the women and children (Jr 52:15; Jr 39:9; 2Ki 25:11).
Jeremias 52:31
31. (2Ki 25:27-30).
five and twentieth day--but in 2Ki 25:27, it is "the twenty-seventh day." Probably on the twenty-fifth the decree for his elevation was given, and the preparations for it made by releasing him from prison; and on the twenty-seventh day it was carried into effect.
Evil-merodach--son and successor of Nebuchadnezzar [Lyra]; and the Hebrew writers say that during Nebuchadnezzar's exclusion from men among beasts, Evil-merodach administered the government. When Nebuchadnezzar at the end of seven years was restored, hearing of his son's misconduct and that he had exulted in his father's calamity, he threw him into prison, where the latter met Jeconiah and contracted a friendship with him, whence arose the favor which subsequently he showed him. God, in his elevation, rewarded his having surrendered to Nebuchadnezzar (compare Jr 38:17 with 2Ki 24:12).
Jeremias 52:32
32. set his throne above--a mark of respect.
the kings--The Hebrew text reads (the other) "kings." "The kings" is a Masoretic correction.
Jeremias 52:33
33. changed ... garments--gave him garments suitable to a king.
did ... eat bread before him--(2Sa 9:13).
Jeremias 52:34
34. every day a portion--rather, "its portion," (compare 1Ki 8:59, Margin).
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