Ezequiel 31

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1 E sucedeu, no décimo primeiro ano, no terceiro mês, ao primeiro dia do mês, que veio a mim a palavra do SENHOR, dizendo: 2 Filho do homem, diz a Faraó, rei do Egito, e à sua multidão: A quem és semelhante na tua grandeza? 3 Eis que a Assíria era um cedro do Líbano, de belos ramos, com grande sombra de sua folhagem, e de alta estatura; seu topo estava entre ramos espessos. 4 As águas o nutriam, as profundezas o faziam crescer; correntes corriam ao redor de onde estava plantada, e enviava seus ribeiros a todas as árvores do campo. 5 Por isso sua altura se elevou acima de todas as árvores do campo; seus galhos se multiplicaram, e seus ramos se alongavam, por causa das muitas águas enviadas. 6 Todas as aves do céus faziam ninhos em seus galhos, e todos os animais do campo geravam debaixo de seus ramos; e todos os grandes povos habitavam à sua sombra. 7 Assim era ele, belo em sua grandeza, na extensão de seus ramos; porque sua raiz estava junto a muitas águas. 8 Os cedros não o encobriram no jardim de Deus; as faias não igualavam os seus galhos, nem os plátanos eram semelhantes a seus ramos; nenhuma árvore no jardim de Deus se assemelhava a ele em sua beleza. 9 Eu o fiz belo com a multidão de seus ramos; e todas as árvores do Éden, que estavam no jardim de Deus, tiveram inveja dele. 10 Portanto, assim diz o Senhor DEUS: Visto que te elevaste em estatura, e seu topo se elevou no meio de ramos espessos, e seu coração se exaltou na sua altura, 11 Por isso eu o entreguei na mão do mais poderoso das nações, para que o tratasse como merece; pela sua perversidade eu o lancei fora. 12 Estrangeiros da mais terrivel das nações o cortaram e o deixaram; seus ramos caíram sobre os montes e por todos os vales, e seus galhos foram quebrados por todas as correntes de águas da terra; e todos os povos da terra se retiraram de sua sombra, e o deixaram. 13 Todas as aves do céu habitaram sobre sua ruína, e todos os animais do campo se ficaram sobre seus ramos; 14 Para que todas as árvores próximas das águas não se elevem na sua estatura, nem levantem o seu topo no meio dos ramos espessos, e que todas as que bebem águas não confiem em si mesmas por sua altura; porque todas estão entregues à morte, até debaixo da terra, no meio dos filhos dos homens, com os que vão para a cova. 15 Assim diz o Senhor DEUS: No dia em que ele desceu ao Xeol, eu fiz que houvesse luto, fiz cobrir as profundezas por sua causa; detive suas correntes, e as muitas águas foram retidas; cobri o Líbano de trevas por causa dele, e por sua causa todas as árvores do campo definharam. 16 Do estrondo de sua queda eu fiz tremer as nações, quando o fiz descer ao Xeol com os que descem à cova; e todas as árvores de Éden, as preferidas e melhores do Líbano, todas as que bebem águas, consolaram-se debaixo da terra. 17 Também desceram com ele ao Xeol, com os mortos à espada, e os que foram seus apoiadores, os que habitavam à sua sombra no meio das nações. 18 Quem se assemelha a ti em glória e em grandeza entre as árvores do Éden? Porém serás derrubado com as árvores do Éden para debaixo da terra; jazerás entre os incircuncisos, com os mortos à espada. Este é Faraó e toda a sua multidão, diz o Senhor DEUS.

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Ezequiel 31:1

Eze 31:1-18. The Overthrow of Egypt Illustrated by That of Assyria.

Not that Egypt was, like Assyria, utterly to cease to be, but it was, like Assyria, to lose its prominence in the empire of the world.

1. third month--two months later than the prophecy delivered in Eze 30:20.

Ezequiel 31:2

2. Whom art thou like--The answer is, Thou art like the haughty king of Assyria; as he was overthrown by the Chaldeans, so shalt thou be by the same.

Ezequiel 31:3

3. He illustrates the pride and the consequent overthrow of the Assyrian, that Egypt may the better know what she must expect.

cedar in Lebanon--often eighty feet high, and the diameter of the space covered by its boughs still greater: the symmetry perfect. Compare the similar image (Eze 17:3; Da 4:20-22).

with a shadowing shroud--with an overshadowing thicket.

top ... among ... thick boughs--rather [Hengstenberg], "among the clouds." But English Version agrees better with the Hebrew. The top, or topmost shoot, represents the king; the thick boughs, the large resources of the empire.

Ezequiel 31:4

4. waters ... little rivers--the Tigris with its branches and "rivulets," or "conduits" for irrigation, the source of Assyria's fertility. "The deep" is the ever flowing water, never dry. Metaphorically, for Assyria's resources, as the "conduits" are her colonies.

Ezequiel 31:5

5. when he shot forth--because of the abundant moisture which nourished him in shooting forth. But see Margin.

Ezequiel 31:6

6. fowls ... made ... nests in ... boughs--so Eze 17:23; Da 4:12. The gospel kingdom shall gather all under its covert, for their good and for the glory of God, which the world kingdoms did for evil and for self-aggrandizement (Mt 13:32).

Ezequiel 31:8

8. cedars ... could not hide him--could not outtop him. No other king eclipsed him.

were not like--were not comparable to.

garden of God--As in the case of Tyre (Eze 28:13), the imagery, that is applied to the Assyrian king, is taken from Eden; peculiarly appropriate, as Eden was watered by rivers that afterwards watered Assyria (Ge 2:10-14). This cedar seemed to revive in itself all the glories of paradise, so that no tree there outtopped it.

Ezequiel 31:9

9. I ... made him--It was all due to My free grace.

Ezequiel 31:10

10. thou ... he--The change of persons is because the language refers partly to the cedar, partly to the person signified by the cedar.

Ezequiel 31:11

11. Here the literal supersedes the figurative.

shall surely deal with him--according to his own pleasure, and according to the Assyrian's (Sardanapalus) desert. Nebuchadnezzar is called "the mighty one" (El, a name of God), because he was God's representative and instrument of judgment (Da 2:37, 38).

Ezequiel 31:12

12. from his shadow--under which they had formerly dwelt as their covert (Eze 31:6).

Ezequiel 31:13

13. Birds and beasts shall insult over his fallen trunk.

Ezequiel 31:14

14. trees by the waters--that is, that are plentifully supplied by the waters: nations abounding in resources.

stand up in their height--that is, trust in their height: stand upon it as their ground of confidence. Fairbairn points the Hebrew differently, so as for "their trees," to translate, "(And that none that drink water may stand) on themselves, (because of their greatness)." But the usual reading is better, as Assyria and the confederate states throughout are compared to strong trees. The clause, "All that drink water," marks the ground of the trees' confidence "in their height," namely, that they have ample sources of supply. Maurer, retaining the same Hebrew, translates, "that neither their terebinth trees may stand up in their height, nor all (the other trees) that drink water."

to ... nether ... earth ... pit--(Eze 32:18; Psa 82:7).

Ezequiel 31:15

15. covered the deep--as mourners cover their heads in token of mourning, "I made the deep that watered the cedar" to wrap itself in mourning for him. The waters of the deep are the tributary peoples of Assyria (Re 17:15).

fainted--literally, were "faintness" (itself); more forcible than the verb.

Ezequiel 31:16

16. hell--Sheol or Hades, the unseen world: equivalent to, "I cast him into oblivion" (compare Is 14:9-11).

shall be comforted--because so great a king as the Assyrian is brought down to a level with them. It is a kind of consolation to the wretched to have companions in misery.

Ezequiel 31:17

17. his arm, that dwelt under his shadow--those who were the helpers or tool of his tyranny, and therefore enjoyed his protection (for example, Syria and her neighbors). These were sure to share her fate. Compare the same phrase as to the Jews living under the protection of their king (La 4:20); both alike "making flesh their arm, and in heart departing from the Lord" (Jr 17:5).

Ezequiel 31:18

18. Application of the parabolic description of Assyria to the parallel case of Egypt. "All that has been said of the Assyrian consider as said to thyself. To whom art thou so like, as thou art to the Assyrian? To none." The lesson on a gigantic scale of Eden-like privileges abused to pride and sin by the Assyrian, as in the case of the first man in Eden, ending in ruin, was to be repeated in Egypt's case. For the unchangeable God governs the world on the same unchangeable principles.

thou shall lie in ... uncircumcised--As circumcision was an object of mocking to thee, thou shall lie in the midst of the uncircumcised, slain by their sword [Grotius]. Retribution in kind (Eze 28:10).

This is Pharaoh--Pharaoh's end shall be the same humiliating one as I have depicted the Assyrian's to have been. "This" is demonstrative, as if he were pointing with the finger to Pharaoh lying prostrate, a spectacle to all, as on the shore of the Red Sea (Ex 14:30, 31).

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