Ester 1

Bíblia Livre (BLIVRE) · Português

1 E aconteceu nos dias de Assuero (o Assuero que reinou desde a Índia até Cuxe sobre cento e vinte e sete províncias), 2 Que naqueles dias, quando o rei Assuero se sentou sobre o trono de seu reino, na fortaleza de Susã, 3 No terceiro ano de seu reinado, ele fez um banquete a todos seus príncipes e a seus servos, tendo diante dele o exército de Pérsia e da Média, os maiorais e os governadores das províncias, 4 Para mostrar as riquezas da glória de seu reino, e o esplendor de sua majestosa grandeza, por muitos dias: cento e oitenta dias. 5 E acabados aqueles dias, o rei fez um banquete a todo o povo que se achava na fortaleza de Susã, desde o maior até o menor, durante sete dias, no pátio do jardim do palácio real. 6 As cortinas eram de linho branco e azul celeste, amarradas com cordões de linho fino e púrpura, argolas de prata e colunas de mármore; os leitos eram de ouro e de prata, sobre um piso de pórfiro, mármore, madrepérola e pedras preciosas. 7 E dava-se de beber em taças de ouro, e as taças eram diferentes umas das outras; e havia muito vinho real, conforme a generosidade do rei. 8 E de acordo com a lei, a bebida era sem restrições; porque assim o rei tinha mandado a todos os oficiais de sua casa; que fizessem conforme a vontade de cada um. 9 Também a rainha Vasti fez banquete para as mulheres, na casa real do rei Assuero. 10 No sétimo dia, quando o coração do rei estava alegre do vinho, mandou a Meumã, Bizta, Harbona, Bigtá, Abagta, Zetar, e Carcas, sete eunucos que serviam diante do rei Assuero, 11 Que trouxessem à rainha Vasti com a coroa real diante do rei, para mostrar aos povos e aos príncipes sua beleza; pois ela tinha linda aparência. 12 Porém a rainha Vasti recusou vir à ordem do rei por meio dos eunucos; por isso o rei se enfureceu muito, e sua ira se acendeu nele. 13 Então o rei perguntou aos sábios que entendiam dos tempos (porque assim era o costume do rei para com todos os que sabiam a lei e o direito; 14 E os mais próximos dele eram Carsena, Setar, Adamata, Társis, Meres, Marsena, e Memucã, sete príncipes da Pérsia e da Média, que viam o rosto do rei, e se sentavam nas posições principais do reino) 15 O que se devia fazer segundo a lei com a rainha Vasti, por não ter cumprido a ordem do rei Assuero por meio dos eunucos. 16 Então Memucã disse na presença do rei e dos príncipes: A rainha Vasti pecou não somente contra o rei, mas também contra todos os príncipes, e contra todos os povos que há em todas as províncias do rei Assuero. 17 Pois o que a rainha fez será notícia a todas as mulheres, de modo que desprezarão seus maridos em seus olhos, quando lhes for dito: O rei Assuero mandou trazer diante de si à rainha Vasti, porém ela não veio. 18 Então neste dia as princesas da Pérsia e da Média dirão o mesmo a todos os príncipes do rei, quando ouvirem o que a rainha fez; e assim haverá muito desprezo e indignação. 19 Se for do agrado do rei, seja feito de sua parte um mandamento real, e escreva-se nas leis da Pérsia e da Média, e que não se possa revogar: que Vasti nunca mais venha diante do rei Assuero; e o reino dela seja dado a outra que seja melhor que ela. 20 E quando o mandamento que o rei ordenar for ouvido em todo o seu reino (ainda que seja grande), todas as mulheres darão honra a seus maridos, desde o maior até o menor. 21 E esta palavra foi do agrado dos olhos do rei e dos príncipes, e o rei fez conforme o que Memucã havia dito; 22 Então enviou cartas a todas a províncias do rei, a cada província segundo sua escrita, e a cada povo segundo sua língua, que todo homem fosse senhor em sua casa, e falasse isto conforme a língua de cada povo.

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Ester 1:1

THE BOOK OF ESTHER

Commentary by Robert Jamieson

Es 1:1-22. Ahasuerus Makes Royal Feasts.

1. Ahasuerus--It is now generally agreed among learned men that the Ahasuerus mentioned in this episode is the Xerxes who figures in Grecian history.

Ester 1:3

3. made a feast unto all his princes and his servants--Banquets on so grand a scale, and extending over so great a period, have been frequently provided by the luxurious monarchs of Eastern countries, both in ancient and modern times. The early portion of this festive season, however, seems to have been dedicated to amusement, particularly an exhibition of the magnificence and treasures of the court, and it was closed by a special feast of seven days' continuance, given within the gardens of the royal palace. The ancient palace of Susa has been recently disinterred from an incumbent mass of earth and ruins; and in that palace, which is, beyond all doubt, the actual edifice referred to in this passage, there is a great hall of marble pillars. "The position of the great colonnade corresponds with the account here given. It stands on an elevation in the center of the mound, the remainder of which we may well imagine to have been occupied, after the Persian fashion, with a garden and fountains. Thus the colonnade would represent the 'court of the garden of the king's palace' with its 'pillars of marble.' I am even inclined to believe the expression, 'Shushan the palace,' applies especially to this portion of the existing ruins, in contradistinction to the citadel and the city of Shushan" [Loftus, Chaldaea and Susiana].

Ester 1:6

6. Where were white, green, and blue hangings, &c.--The fashion, in the houses of the great, on festive occasions, was to decorate the chambers from the middle of the wall downward with damask or velvet hangings of variegated colors suspended on hooks, or taken down at pleasure.

the beds were of gold and silver--that is, the couches on which, according to Oriental fashion, the guests reclined, and which were either formed entirely of gold and silver or inlaid with ornaments of those costly metals, stood on an elevated floor of parti-colored marble.

Ester 1:7

7. they gave them drink in vessels of gold--There is reason to believe from this account, as well as from Es 5:6; 7:2, 7, 8, where the drinking of wine occupies by far the most prominent place in the description, that this was a banquet rather than a feast.

Ester 1:9

9. Also Vashti the queen made a feast for the women--The celebration was double; for, as according to the Oriental fashion, the sexes do not intermingle in society, the court ladies were entertained in a separate apartment by the queen.

Ester 1:10-12

10-12. On the seventh day, when the heart of the king was merry with wine--As the feast days advanced, the drinking was more freely indulged in, so that the close was usually marked by great excesses of revelry.

he commanded ... the seven chamberlains--These were the eunuchs who had charge of the royal harem. The refusal of Vashti to obey an order which required her to make an indecent exposure of herself before a company of drunken revellers, was becoming both the modesty of her sex and her rank as queen; for, according to Persian customs, the queen, even more than the wives of other men, was secluded from the public gaze. Had not the king's blood been heated with wine, or his reason overpowered by force of offended pride, he would have perceived that his own honor, as well as hers, was consulted by her dignified conduct.

Ester 1:13-19

13-19. Then the king said to the wise men--These were probably the magi, without whose advice as to the proper time of doing a thing the Persian kings never did take any step whatever; and the persons named in Es 1:14 were the "seven counsellors" (compare Ezr 7:14) who formed the state ministry. The combined wisdom of all, it seems, was enlisted to consult with the king what course should be taken after so unprecedented an occurrence as Vashti's disobedience of the royal summons. It is scarcely possible for us to imagine the astonishment produced by such a refusal in a country and a court where the will of the sovereign was absolute. The assembled grandees were petrified with horror at the daring affront. Alarm for the consequences that might ensue to each of them in his own household next seized on their minds; and the sounds of bacchanalian revelry were hushed into deep and anxious consultation what punishment to inflict on the refractory queen. But a purpose was to be served by the flattery of the king and the enslavement of all women. The counsellors were too intoxicated or obsequious to oppose the courtly advice of Memucan was unanimously resolved, with a wise regard to the public interests of the nation, that the punishment of Vashti could be nothing short of degradation from her royal dignity. The doom was accordingly pronounced and made known in all parts of the empire.

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