Eclesiastes 9

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1 Por isso fiz meu coração considerar todas estas coisas, para entender com clareza tudo isto: que os justos, e os sábios, e suas obras, estão nas mãos de Deus; até o amor e o ódio, o homem nada sabe o que há à sua frente. 2 Tudo acontece de modo semelhante a todos; o mesmo acontece ao justo e ao perverso; ao bom e ao puro, assim como ao impuro; tanto ao que sacrifica, como ao que não sacrifica; tanto ao bom, como ao pecador; ao que jura, assim como ao que teme fazer juramento. 3 Esta coisa má existe entre tudo o que é feito abaixo do sol, que a todos aconteça o mesmo; e que o coração dos filhos homens esteja cheio de maldade, e que haja loucuras em seus corações durante suas vidas, e depois eles vão para entre os mortos. 4 Porque para aquele que está junto a todos os vivos há esperança (pois melhor é um cão vivo do que um leão morto). 5 Porque os vivos sabem que vão morrer; mas os mortos não sabem coisa alguma, nem também tem mais recompensa; pois a lembrança deles já foi esquecida. 6 Até seu amor, até seu ódio, e até sua inveja já pereceu e nenhuma parte nunca mais lhes pertence, em tudo quanto se faz abaixo do sol. 7 Vai, come com alegria teu pão, e bebe com bom coração o teu vinho; pois Deus se agrada de tuas obras. 8 Em todo tempo sejam brancas as tuas roupas, e nunca falte óleo sobre tua cabeça. 9 Aproveite a vida com a mulher que tu amas, todos os dias da tua fútil vida, que Deus te deu abaixo do sol, todos os teus fúteis dias; porque esta é a parte que te pertence nesta vida e em teu trabalho no qual trabalhaste abaixo do sol. 10 Tudo quanto vier à tua mão para fazer, faze conforme as tuas forças; porque no Xeol, para onde vais, não há trabalho, nem planos, nem conhecimento, nem sabedoria alguma. 11 Voltei-me, e vi abaixo do sol, que a corrida não é dos velozes, nem dos guerreiros a batalha, nem dos sábios o pão, nem dos prudentes as riquezas, nem dos conhecedores o favor; mas que o tempo e a ocasião imprevista acontece a todos estes. 12 Porque também o homem não sabe seu tempo, assim como os peixes que são capturados pela maligna rede; e como os passarinhos que são presos na armadilha; assim também os filhos dos homens são pegos pelo tempo mau, quando cai de repente sobre eles. 13 Também vi esta sabedoria abaixo do sol, que considerei grande: 14 Havia uma pequena cidade, em que havia poucas pessoas; e veio contra ela um grande rei, e a cercou, e levantou contra ela grandes barreiras. 15 E se achou nela um homem pobre sábio, que livrou aquela cidade com sua sabedoria; porém ninguém se lembrou daquele pobre homem. 16 Então eu disse: Melhor é a sabedoria do que a força; ainda que a sabedoria do pobre tenha sido desprezada, e suas palavras não tenham sido ouvidas. 17 As palavras dos sábios devem ser ouvidas em quietude, mais do que o grito daquele que domina sobre os tolos. 18 Melhor é a sabedoria do que as armas de guerra; porém um só pecador destrói muitas coisas boas.

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Eclesiastes 9:1

Ec 9:1-18.

1. declare--rather, explore; the result of my exploring is this, that "the righteous, &c., are in the hand of God. No man knoweth either the love or hatred (of God to them) by all that is before them," that is, by what is outwardly seen in His present dealings (Ec 8:14, 17). However, from the sense of the same words, in Ec 9:6, "love and hatred" seem to be the feelings of the wicked towards the righteous, whereby they caused to the latter comfort or sorrow. Translate: "Even the love and hatred" (exhibited towards the righteous, are in God's hand) (Psa 76:10; Pr 16:7). "No man knoweth all that is before them."

Eclesiastes 9:2

2. All things ... alike--not universally; but as to death. Ec 9:2-10 are made by Holden the objection of a skeptical sensualist. However, they may be explained as Solomon's language. He repeats the sentiment already implied in Ec 2:14; 3:20; 8:14.

one event--not eternally; but death is common to all.

good--morally.

clean--ceremonially.

sacrificeth--alike to Josiah who sacrificed to God, and to Ahab who made sacrifice to Him cease.

sweareth--rashly and falsely.

Eclesiastes 9:3

3. Translate, "There is an evil above all (evils) that are done," &c., namely, that not only "there is one event to all," but "also the heart of the sons of men" makes this fact a reason for "madly" persisting in "evil while they live, and after that," &c., sin is "madness."

the dead--(Pr 2:18; 9:18).

Eclesiastes 9:4

4. For--rather, "Nevertheless." English Version rightly reads as the Margin, Hebrew, "that is joined," instead of the text, "who is to be chosen?"

hope--not of mere temporal good (Job 14:7); but of yet repenting and being saved.

dog--metaphor for the vilest persons (1Sa 24:14).

lion--the noblest of animals (Pr 30:30).

better--as to hope of salvation; the noblest who die unconverted have no hope; the vilest, so long as they have life, have hope.

Eclesiastes 9:5

5. know that they shall die--and may thereby be led "so to number their days, that they may apply their hearts to wisdom" (Ec 7:1-4; Psa 90:12).

dead know not anything--that is, so far as their bodily senses and worldly affairs are concerned (Job 14:21; Is 63:16); also, they know no door of repentance open to them, such as is to all on earth.

neither ... reward--no advantage from their worldly labors (Ec 2:18-22; 4:9).

memory--not of the righteous (Psa 112:6; Mal 3:16), but the wicked, who with all the pains to perpetuate their names (Psa 49:11) are soon "forgotten" (Ec 8:10).

Eclesiastes 9:6

6. love, and ... hatred, &c.--(referring to Ec 9:1; see on Ec 9:1). Not that these cease in a future world absolutely (Eze 32:27; Re 22:11); but as the end of this verse shows, relatively to persons and things in this world. Man's love and hatred can no longer be exercised for good or evil in the same way as here; but the fruits of them remain. What he is at death he remains for ever. "Envy," too, marks the wicked as referred to, since it was therewith that they assailed the righteous (see on Ec 9:1).

portion--Their "portion" was "in this life" (Psa 17:14), that they now "cannot have any more."

Eclesiastes 9:7

7. Addressed to the "righteous wise," spoken of in Ec 9:1. Being "in the hand of God," who now accepteth "thy works" in His service, as He has previously accepted thy person (Ge 4:4), thou mayest "eat ... with a cheerful (not sensually 'merry') heart" (Ec 3:13; 5:18; Ac 2:46).

Eclesiastes 9:8

8. white--in token of joy (Is 61:3). Solomon was clad in white (Josephus, Antiquities, 8:7,3); hence his attire is compared to the "lilies" (Mt 6:29), typical of the spotless righteousness of Jesus Christ, which the redeemed shall wear (Re 3:18; 7:14).

ointment--(Psa 23:5), opposed to a gloomy exterior (2Sa 14:2; Psa 45:7; Mt 6:17); typical, also (Ec 7:1; So 1:3).

Eclesiastes 9:9

9. wife ... lovest--godly and true love, opposed to the "snares" of the "thousand" concubines (Ec 7:26, 28), "among" whom Solomon could not find the true love which joins one man to one woman (Pr 5:15, 18, 19; 18:22; 19:14).

Eclesiastes 9:10

10. Whatsoever--namely, in the service of God. This and last verse plainly are the language of Solomon, not of a skeptic, as Holden would explain it.

hand, &c.--(Le 12:8, Margin; 1Sa 10:7, Margin).

thy might--diligence (De 6:5; Jr 48:10, Margin).

no work ... in the grave--(Joh 9:4; Re 14:13). "The soul's play-day is Satan's work-day; the idler the man the busier the tempter" [South].

Eclesiastes 9:11

11. This verse qualifies the sentiment, Ec 9:7-9. Earthly "enjoyments," however lawful in their place (Ec 3:1), are to give way when any work to be done for God requires it. Reverting to the sentiment (Ec 8:17), we ought, therefore, not only to work God's work "with might" (Ec 9:10), but also with the feeling that the event is wholly "in God's hand" (Ec 9:1).

race ... not to the swift--(2Sa 18:23); spiritually (Zep 3:19; Ro 9:16).

nor ... battle to ... strong--(1Sa 17:47; 2Ch 14:9, 11, 15; Psa 33:16).

bread--livelihood.

favour--of the great.

chance--seemingly, really Providence. But as man cannot "find it out" (Ec 3:11), he needs "with all might" to use opportunities. Duties are ours; events, God's.

Eclesiastes 9:12

12. his time--namely, of death (Ec 7:15; Is 13:22). Hence the danger of delay in doing the work of God, as one knows not when his opportunity will end (Ec 9:10).

evil net--fatal to them. The unexpected suddenness of the capture is the point of comparison. So the second coming of Jesus Christ, "as a snare" (Lu 21:35).

evil time--as an "evil net," fatal to them.

Eclesiastes 9:13

13. Rather, "I have seen wisdom of this kind also," that is, exhibited in the way which is described in what follows [Maurer].

Eclesiastes 9:14-15

14-15. (2Sa 20:16-22).

bulwarks--military works of besiegers.

Eclesiastes 9:16

16. Resuming the sentiment (Ec 7:19; Pr 21:22; 24:5).

poor man's wisdom is despised--not the poor man mentioned in Ec 9:15; for his wisdom could not have saved the city, had "his words not been heard"; but poor men in general. So Paul (Ac 27:11).

Eclesiastes 9:17

17. The words of wise, &c.--Though generally the poor wise man is not heard (Ec 9:16), yet "the words of wise men, when heard in quiet (when calmly given heed to, as in Ec 9:15), are more serviceable than," &c.

ruleth--as the "great king" (Ec 9:14). Solomon reverts to "the rulers to their own hurt" (Ec 8:9).

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