1 Reis 4
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1 Foi, pois, o rei Salomão rei sobre todo Israel. 2 E estes foram os príncipes que teve: Azarias filho de Zadoque, sacerdote; 3 Eliorefe e Aías, filhos de Sisa, escribas; Josafá filho de Ailude, chanceler; 4 Benaia filho de Joiada era sobre o exército; e Zadoque e Abiatar eram os sacerdotes; 5 Azarias filho de Natã era sobre os governadores; Zabude filho de Natã era principal oficial, amigo do rei; 6 E Aisar era mordomo; e Adonirão filho de Abda era sobre o tributo. 7 E tinha Salomão doze governadores sobre todo Israel, os quais mantinham ao rei e à sua casa. Cada um deles estava obrigado a abastecer por um mês no ano. 8 E estes são os nomes deles: Ben-Hur no monte de Efraim; 9 Ben-Dequer, em Macaz, e em Saalbim, e em Bete-Semes, e em Elom-Bete-Hanã; 10 Ben-Hesede, em Arubote; este tinha também a Socó e toda a terra de Hefer. 11 Ben-Abinadabe, em toda a região de Dor: este tinha por mulher a Tafate filha de Salomão; 12 Baana filho de Ailude, em Taanaque e Megido, e em toda Bete-Seã, que é próxima de Zaretã, por abaixo de Jezreel, desde Bete-Seã até Abel-Meolá, e até a outra parte de Jocmeão; 13 Ben-Geber, em Ramote de Gileade; este tinha também as cidades de Jair filho de Manassés, as quais estavam em Gileade; tinha também a província de Argobe, que era em Basã, sessenta grandes cidades com muro e fechaduras de bronze; 14 Ainadabe filho de Ido, em Maanaim; 15 Aimaás em Naftali; este tomou também por mulher a Basemate filha de Salomão. 16 Baaná filho de Husai, em Aser e em Alote; 17 Josafá filho de Parua, em Issacar; 18 Simei filho de Elá, em Benjamim; 19 Geber filho de Uri, na terra de Gileade, a terra de Seom rei dos amorreus, e de Ogue rei de Basã; este era o único governador naquela terra. 20 Judá e Israel eram muitos, como a areia que está junto ao mar em multidão, comendo e bebendo e alegrando-se. 21 E Salomão dominava sobre todos os reinos, desde o rio até a terra dos filisteus, e até o termo do Egito; e traziam tributos, e serviram a Salomão todos os dias em que viveu. 22 E a provisão de Salomão era, cada dia, trinta coros de farinha refinada, e sessenta coros de farinha comum; 23 dez bois engordados, e vinte bois de pasto, e cem ovelhas; sem os cervos, cabras, búfalos, e aves engordadas. 24 Porque ele dominava em toda a região que estava da outra parte do rio, desde Tifsa até Gaza, sobre todos os reis da outra parte do rio; e teve paz por todos os lados em derredor seu. 25 E Judá e Israel viviam seguros, cada um debaixo de sua parreira e debaixo de sua figueira, desde Dã até Berseba, todos os dias de Salomão. 26 Além disso, Salomão tinha quarenta mil cavalos em seus estábulos para suas carruagens, e doze mil cavaleiros. 27 E estes governadores mantinham ao rei Salomão, e a todos os que vinham à mesa do rei Salomão, a cada mês; e faziam que nada faltasse. 28 Faziam também trazer cevada e palha para os cavalos e para os animais de carga, ao lugar de onde ele estava, cada um conforme ao cargo que tinha. 29 E deu Deus a Salomão sabedoria, e prudência muito grande, e largura de coração como a areia que está à beira do mar. 30 Que foi maior a sabedoria de Salomão que a de todos os orientais, e que toda a sabedoria dos egípcios. 31 E ainda foi mais sábio que todos os homens; mais que Etã ezraíta, e que Hemã e Calcol e Darda, filhos de Maol: e foi nomeado entre todas as nações de ao redor. 32 E propôs três mil parábolas; e seus versos foram mil e cinco. 33 Também descreveu as árvores, desde o cedro do Líbano até o hissopo que nasce na parede. Também descreveu os animais, as aves, os répteis, e os peixes. 34 E vinham de todos os povos a ouvir a sabedoria de Salomão, e de todos os reis da terra, de onde havia chegado a fama de sua sabedoria.
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1 Reis 4:1
1Ki 4:1-6. Solomon's Princes.
1. So King Solomon was king over all Israel--This chapter contains a general description of the state and glory of the Hebrew kingdom during the more flourishing or later years of his reign.
1 Reis 4:2
2. these were the princes--or chief officers, as is evident from two of them marrying Solomon's daughters.
Azariah the son of Zadok the priest--rather, "the prince," as the Hebrew word frequently signifies (Ge 41:45; Ex 2:16; 2Sa 8:18); so that from the precedency given to his person in the list, he seems to have been prime minister, the highest in office next the king.
1 Reis 4:3
3. scribes--that is, secretaries of state. Under David, there had been only one [2Sa 8:17; 20:25]. The employment of three functionaries in this department indicates either improved regulations by the division of labor, or a great increase of business, occasioned by the growing prosperity of the kingdom, or a more extensive correspondence with foreign countries.
recorder--that is, historiographer, or annalist--an office of great importance in Oriental courts, and the duties of which consisted in chronicling the occurrences of every day.
1 Reis 4:4
4. Benaiah ... was over the host--formerly captain of the guard. He had succeeded Joab as commander of the forces.
Zadok and Abiathar were the priests--Only the first discharged the sacred functions; the latter had been banished to his country seat and retained nothing more than the name of high priest.
1 Reis 4:5
5. over the officers--that is, the provincial governors enumerated in 1Ki 4:17-19.
principal officer, and the king's friend--perhaps president of the privy council, and Solomon's confidential friend or favorite. This high functionary had probably been reared along with Solomon. That he should heap those honors on the sons of Nathan was most natural, considering the close intimacy of the father with the late king, and the deep obligations under which Solomon personally lay to the prophet.
1 Reis 4:6
1 Reis 4:7
7. Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel--The royal revenues were raised according to the ancient, and still, in many parts, existing usage of the East, not in money payments, but in the produce of the soil. There would be always a considerable difficulty in the collection and transmission of these tithes (1Sa 8:15). Therefore, to facilitate the work, Solomon appointed twelve officers, who had each the charge of a tribe or particular district of country, from which, in monthly rotation, the supplies for the maintenance of the king's household were drawn, having first been deposited in "the store cities" which were erected for their reception (1Ki 9:19; 2Ch 8:4, 6).
1 Reis 4:8
8. The son of Hur--or, as the Margin has it, Benhur, Bendekar. In the rural parts of Syria, and among the Arabs, it is still common to designate persons not by their own names, but as the sons of their fathers.
1 Reis 4:21
21. Solomon reigned over all kingdoms from the river--All the petty kingdoms between the Euphrates and the Mediterranean were tributary to him. Similar is the statement in 1Ki 4:24.
1 Reis 4:22-23
22-23. Solomon's provision for one day--not for the king's table only, but for all connected with the court, including, besides the royal establishment, those of his royal consorts, his principal officers, his bodyguards, his foreign visitors, &c. The quantity of fine floor used is estimated at two hundred forty bushels; that of meal or common flour at four hundred eighty. The number of cattle required for consumption, besides poultry and several kinds of game (which were abundant on the mountains) did not exceed in proportion what is needed in other courts of the East.
1 Reis 4:24
24. from Tiphsah--that is, Thapsacus, a large and flourishing town on the west bank of the Euphrates, the name of which was derived from a celebrated ford near it, the lowest on that river.
even to Azzah--that is, Gaza, on the southwestern extremity, not far from the Mediterranean.
1 Reis 4:25
25. every man under his vine and ... fig tree--This is a common and beautiful metaphor for peace and security (Mi 4:4; Zec 3:10), founded on the practice, still common in modern Syria, of training these fruit trees up the walls and stairs of houses, so as to make a shady arbor, beneath which the people sit and relax.
1 Reis 4:26
26. forty thousand stalls--for the royal mews (see on 2Ch 9:25).
1 Reis 4:28
28. Barley ... and straw--Straw is not used for litter, but barley mixed with chopped straw is the usual fodder of horses.
dromedaries--one-humped camels, distinguished for their great fleetness.
1Ki 4:29-34. His Wisdom.
1 Reis 4:29
29. God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much, and largeness of heart--that is, high powers of mind, great capacity for receieving, as well as aptitude for communicating knowledge.
1 Reis 4:30
30. Solomon's wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the east country--that is, the Arabians, Chaldeans, and Persians (Ge 25:6).
all the wisdom of Egypt--Egypt was renowned as the seat of learning and sciences, and the existing monuments, which so clearly describe the ancient state of society and the arts, show the high culture of the Egyptian people.
1 Reis 4:31
31. wiser than all men--that is, all his contemporaries, either at home or abroad.
than Ethan--or Jeduthun, of the family of Merari (1Ch 6:44).
Heman--(1Ch 15:17-19)--the chief of the temple musicians and the king's seers (1Ch 25:5); the other two are not known.
the sons of Mahol--either another name for Zerah (1Ch 2:6); or taking it as a common noun, signifying a dance, a chorus, "the sons of Mahol" signify persons eminently skilled in poetry and music.
1 Reis 4:32
32. he spake three thousand proverbs--embodying his moral sentiments and sage observations on human life and character.
songs ... a thousand and five--Psalm 72, 127, 132, and the Song of Songs are his.
1 Reis 4:33
33. he spake of trees, from the cedar ... to the hyssop--all plants, from the greatest to the least. The Spirit of God has seen fit to preserve comparatively few memorials of the fruits of his gigantic mind. The greater part of those here ascribed to him have long since fallen a prey to the ravages of time, or perished in the Babylonish captivity, probably because they were not inspired.
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